MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN INDIGENOUS BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS (A SURVEY OF SELECTED COMPANIES IN ENUGU STATE)
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MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT
AND UTILIZATION IN INDIGENOUS BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
(A SURVEY OF SELECTED
COMPANIES IN ENUGU STATE)
ABSTRACT
This research work is focused on
manpower development and utilization in indigenous business organizations using
four firms as a case study. It has been observed that a major problem
confronting organizations in this present dispensation is the fact that productivity
of workers is low. In order to improve on the productivity of workers and
their efficiency, they need to be properly trained and utilized for the purpose
which they serve. Therefore calls for proper development
training and full utilization of employees for this objectives is likely to be
achieved as nothing can be demoralized to a worker as when he believes that he
has been unduly rated below expectation and can not serve. In order to address
this problem squarely, research questions were formulated and hypothesis drawn
from various researcher instruments. Questionnaires were used in the process
and was administered to all the workers (sample size) Similarly, documentary
sources were also used on the data collection process. The data collected
was analyzed with the aid of the research questions and hypothesis which gives
rise to certain findings, conclusion was drawn and recommendations were made
based on the informating gathered and data analyzed.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1 Background of the
study
1.2
Statement of the
problem
1.3
Purpose of the Study
1.4
Research
Questions
1.5
Research
Hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the Study
1.7
Scope of the Study
1.8
Limitation of the Study
1.9
Definition of
Terms
References
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Review of Related
Literature
2.1 Concept of
Manpower
Development
2.2
Problems of Manpower
Development
2.3
Aims of Manpower
Development
2.4
Manpower Development
Programmes
2.5
Performance
Appraisal
2.6
Concept of Manpower Utilization
2.7
Problems of Manpower
Utilization
Reference
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Research Design and
Methodology
3.1 Research
Design
3.2
Area of the
Study
3.3
Population of the
Study
3.4
Sample and Sampling
Technique
3.5
Instrument for Data
Collection
3.6
Validity of
Instrument
3.7
Reliability of
Instrument
3.8
Method of Data
Collection
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Presentation and Analysis of
Data
4.1 Data
Analysis
4.2
Testing of Hypothesis
4.3
Summary of
Results
Reference
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0
Discussion of Results /
Findings
5.1 Discussion of
Results and
Findings
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendations
Bibliography
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
Nigeria like most other developing
countries has had her fair share of the problems of development. One of
the areas in which problem have been posed comes as the main focus of this
work. ‘The manpower sector’ Simply defined manpower as the basic resource
of any productive process. It combines all other factors of production to
produce goods and services which are beneficial to mankind.
Nwachukwu (1982 : 14) recounted
Kuznet’s assertion that “The major capital stock of any industrially advanced
nation is not its physical equipment rather, it is the body of knowledge
collected from tested findings discoveries, empirical science and the capacity
and training of its population to use its knowledge”.
Ojo et al (1986 : 41) also stated the
words of the late American president John F. kennedy in his first manpower
report as follows: “Manpower is the basic resource. It is the
indispensable means of converting other resources to mankind’s uses and
benefit. How well we develop and employ human skills is fundamental in
deciding how much we achieve as a nation. The manpower in which we do so
moreover with profoundly determine the kind of nation will become”.
The inability of any third world
country to achieve full industrialization can be attributed to problems of
manpower development and utilization. The process of developing and
utilizing manpower in Nigeria has been surrounded by numerous difficulties
which makes it almost impossible for industries to perform satisfactory.
The area of manpower utilization being
the proper use of workforce has also been posed with crucial problems.
These problems can also be looked at as manpower development problems as
manpower utilization is an integral part of manpower development.
A one-time secretary general of the
United Nations Mr. U. Thant in his report the third (3rd) session of
UNESCO in 1967 listed some problem areas thus:
i.
Matching existing skills with effective demand for skills
ii.
Use of skills required
iii.
Popular participation in development
iv.
Increased involvement in the economy by certain potentially productive groups
in the population.
v.
Loss of skilled persons through temporary or permanent emigration.
Occurrence of the above listed problems
are very minimal in more advanced countries unlike in third world countries
where here exist high levels of unemployment, loss of skilled personnel through
emigration and so many other problems arising from the ineffective development
and utilization of manpower.
All these problem constitute part of
the barriers between third world countries and industrialization. Coming
down to the organizational level, the problems are largely similar but only
differ in scope. Organizational problems are a lot narrower in scope than
national problems.
However, in indigenous organizations,
manpower is an important factor that enables the organization grows which make
sit more necessary to develop and utilize manpower.
In other words manpower development and
utilization plays an important role in the growth of indigenous organizations.
In the course of this study, we shall try to investigate the causes of problems
in a number of selected indigenous firms. Solutions and recommendation
will be given s to how best the alleviate these problems based on the findings.
1.2
Statement of the Problem
From the foregoing,
it can be said that growth and productivity of any organization is largely
dependent on human performance. However due to the dynamic nature of our
society, new technologies came up everyday and old ones become obsolete.
This is particularly true of indigenous Nigerian organizations who have to keep
up with every day changes in technology.
These organizations
are faced with a problem in effectively developing manpower to keep up with the
continually rising pace of development. Also encompassed here is the
problem of using already available skilled and semi-skilled manpower to achieve
optimal result.
All these the
workers’ strive for self and career development and thus the productivity of
the organizations. Since countries become more advanced economically and
technologically, they become more vulnerable to under motivated workers and
managers social values are shifted away from work as the most important thing
in town towards a balanced view of self development, family development and
career development.
In a nutshell, the
inability of organizations to effectively develop and utilize the human
resources available to them has reduced to a great extent, its ability to
adhere its objectives. This is the problem that this research sets out to
tackle.
1.3
Purpose of the Study
This study is being carried out to
achieve a number of objectives of which are:
i.
To identify the factors that hinders the effective development and utilization
of manpower.
ii.
To examine the extent to which these factor affect the performance of workers
in indigenous organizations
iii.
To determine if workers are sent for training and development in line with new
technology.
iv.
To ascertain the level of workers sent on training and development
v.
To find out whether they are fully utilized after the training course.
1.4
Research Questions
In pursuit of the research purpose of
this study, the following questions have been formulated.
i.
Is there any relationship between manpower development / utilization and
organizational performance?
ii.
Of what importance is manpower in the production process?
iii.
To what extent is its importance appreciated by the entrepreneur?
iv.
To what extent is effective manpower development and utilization likely to
enhance productivity of organizations?
v.
Are workers sent for internal and external training and development courses?
vi.
Are they properly utilized after training?
1.5
Research Hypothesis
The significance of this study is one
that is of great importance and will be of benefit to the following groups:
For the purpose of this research, the
following hypotheses have been designed for analysis.
H0:
The
skill and knowledge of workers can be increased through training, development
and promotion.
H1:
The skill and knowledge of workers cannot be increased through training,
development and promotion.
H0:
The
moral of workers are increased through training and development.
Hi:
The
moral of workers are not increased through training and development.
H0:
The
increased of managerial turnover in organization can be minimized by giving
more training to the managerial staff.
H0:
The
increased of managerial turnover in organization cannot be minimized by giving
more training to the managerial staff.
1.6
Significance of the Study
The study will help all the companies
especially Cadbury Nigeria plc to find out if their training development and
promotion enhance productivity leads to a reduction in a managerial turnover
and to show if it will serve as a means of booster to the employee.
1.7 Scope of
the Study
This study deals with the problems
facing indigenous organizations in the aspect of manpower; its development and
utilization. The study covers indigenous business firms only in Enugu
State.
There is no doubt that the restriction
will affect the generalization of the findings of this study but it is hoped
that the sample size is wide enough to draw conclusions.
1.8
Definition of Terms
For improved understanding of this
work, it is necessary to define some key words used in this study
a.
Manpower Craftsmen or other skills which are employed in creating,
designing and operating productive and service organizations or other economic
institutions.
b.
Development: The gradual growth of something so that
it becomes more advanced and enhanced
c.
Utilization The extent to which the capacities and skills are being used
effectively.
d.
Indigenous Organizations These are organizations whose ownership and
control rests fully on the natives of the country in which it operates.
e.
Emigration: The situation where people leave their country to live
permanently in another country.
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