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PRESENTATION
ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF “S” LITER ELECTRIC KETTLE
ABSTRACT
The construction of the five (5) litre
Electric Kettle was carried out in mechanical workshop of the Institute of
Management and Technology Enugu. (I.M.T).
The fabrication process, included
measuring and marking out operations of which the following dimensions was
taken; the cylindrical body was taken as 170mm by 700mm in height and length
respectively, the base diameter was 223mm, the lid diameter 140mm, length of
nozzle 75min, water outlet and inlet were 20mm and 35mm, respectively and the
drill position of the nozzle and heating element were 40mm and 25mm
respectively.
The marked parts were cut out, filed
for smooth edges, welded to form a drum like shape, insulating handle, cover and
heating element were installed. At the end of the exercises, the electric
kettle was fabricated.
The parent material used for the
construction is the stainless steel, which was preferable for its easy
workability, corrosion resistance and heat conductivity that is high. The
stainless steel cannot contaminate food and drink.
The construction of electric kettle is
recommended serve as heating equipment in our laboratory home, hospital
etc. it also serves as a device which requires electricity conduction to
generate heat to perfect its function. As well as in laboratories,
industries foe heating and boiling of fluids. The mechanism of heat
transfer in the electric kettle equipment is transferred into the liquid by
firstly the metal conducting heat probably from electric source in contact by
conduction and transfer the heat in the liquid causing the molecules of the
liquid to expand colliding with one another exerting pressure and at equal
prevailing atmospheric pressure which the under boils.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
Introduction
Aim,
of the project
Scope
of the study
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Literature Review
2.1
Theory of heat
2.2
Theory
of heat transfer
3.0
Simultaneous mass & heat
4.0
Heat Exchanger
5.0
Electric heart king
6.0
Open type exchanger
7.0
Direct & indirect heating
8.0
Vaporization
8.1
Condensation
9.0
Heat of vaporization (Enthalpy)
9.1
Design of heating element
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Material selection
3.1
Properties of material
3.2
Economic consideration
3.3
Chemical properties
3.4
Physical properties
3.5
Component and parts of materials
Uses and their source
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Construction procedure
4.0
Marking out
4.2
Cutting operation
4.3
Assembling process
4.4
Maintenance of electric Kettle
4.5
Costing of electric kettle
4.6
Finish touches / surface work
4.7
Precaution taken.
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Discussion
5.1
Recommendation
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Reference
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Heat is said to be energy in transient
by virtue of temperature difference. It is a known fact that heat
generated an through various means such as conduction, convection and radiation
as in radioactive ensure.
Heat energy occurs chemically when a
chemical reactions of a strong acid reacts with a strong base. Heat is
either liberated external (Exothermic reaction) or absorbed internally
(Exothermic reaction). Heat also occur mechanically when an automobile
engine is working. Heat generated results to hotness of the engine
surface and environment as a result of fumes from the exhaust pipe. Heat
is an effect generated in connection with complete continuous flow of elections
in a circuit.
The electric kettle as a heating device
requires electricity conduction to generate heat to perfect its friction.
Electric kettle as a very important equipment used in our homes, hospitals,
laboratories and industries for heating and boiling of fluids.
It is a device in which the mechanism
of heat transfer is studied and highly felt. The heat transfers into the
liquid by firstly; the metal conducting heat probably from electric source in
contact by conduction and transfer the heat in the liquid causing the molecules
of the liquid to expand colliding with one another exerting pressure and at
equal prevailing atmospheric kettle pressure the water boils. Heat
transfer mechanism in an electric kettle is a combined process of conduction
and convection.
In progression, the mass of the liquid
before boiling remains constant and the liquid become, less dense that the cold
liquid surrounding it. Both layers of the liquid exerting pressures moves
up and down till the whole liquid acquire a vapour pressure which when equal
with the atmospheric pressure boiling occurs and the liquid is said to reach
its boiling point.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Boiling Point: This is the
temperature reached by a liquid when its vapour pressure is same with the
atmospheric pressure at room temperature. In other words, it is the
temperature at which water boils and it normally 100o for pure
substance such as water.
At this point, when the temperature is
reached the electric kettle can be seen scientifically as a control instrument
that will regulate any system or a system if too high by stripping off.
VAPOUR
PRESSURE: This
is the pressure exerted by liquid molecules at its boiling point it is the
force per unit area of the liquid layer in contact. Its unit is Newton
Rir meter square (N/M2). In the process as it attains its
vapour pressure there is a transfer of chemical specie (solute) from its
initial liquid phase to gaseous phase with a small change in concentration.
This agrees with the analogous theory
of heat transfer and mass transfer mechanism in the functioning of electric
kettle.
1.1
AIM OF THE PROJECT
The object of all construction project
is to test students ability to construct with given specifications.
This project is specifically for the
construction “S” litre electric kettle which will boil at 100oc
(373k) and capable of using 220 – 240 voltage and voltage and 13 – 15 amperes.
Moreover to construct a vessel that low
the under listed advantage which is for superior to other methods of heating
e.g using gas, cool and fire etc.
(i)
Cleanliness: Since neither dust nor ash is produced in electric
heating. It is a clean system of heating requiring minimum cost of
cleaning. More also, to be heated does not get contaminated .
(ii)
ND Pollution: Since no flue gases ate produced in electric heating, no
provision has to be made for their exit.
(iii)
Economically: The lost of maintenance is not much and it doesn’t occupy
much position.
(iv)
Easy Control: It is easy to control
and regulate the temperature of an electric furnaces with the help of manna or
automatic devices.
(v)
Special heating requirement:
Such as uniform heating of a material or heating one particular portion of the
job without affecting its other parts or heating with no oxidation can be met
only by electric heating.
HIGHER EFFICIENCY:
Heat produced electrically does not go
away waste through the chimney or man hole and other by products.
Consequently most of the heat produced is utilized for heating the material
itself. Hence, electric heating has higher efficiency as compared to
other types of heating.
BETTER WORKING
CONDITIONS:
Since electric heat produce no irritating
Norse and also the radiation losses are low, it results in low ambient
temperature.
Safely:
Electric
heating is quite safe because it responds quickly to the controlled signals.
Lower attention and
maintenance costs:
Electric heating equipment generally
will not require much attention and supervision and their maintenance cost is
almost negligible. Hence, labour charges is negligibly small as compare
to other forms of heating.
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