ATTENTION:
BEFORE YOU READ THE
PROJECT WORK, PLEASE READ THE INFORMATION BELOW. THANK YOU!
TO GET THE FULL
PROJECT FOR THE TOPIC BELOW PLEASE CALL:
08068231953,
08168759420
TO GET MORE PROJECT
TOPICS IN YOUR DEPARTMENT, PLEASE VISIT:
PRODUCTION OF PLANT
MIRROR USING LOCAL RAW MATERIAL
ABSTRACT
This project “production of plane
mirror using local raw material” is meant to study the possibility of producing
plane mirror using sand rich in silica as its major local raw material.
Plane mirror is produced by casting one
side of a sheet glass. Presently in Nigeria, sheet glass is not used
easily produce and as such, the local raw material used in the in the
production of plane mirror in this product backing paint. The facilities
for the production include spraying gun and finger brush.
In the course of production, the silver
nitrate was first mixed with a reducing reagent; we formaldehyde of glucose,
all in a distilled water. After which the mirror backing paint was mixed
with some amount of thinner. The float glass was then washed with warm
water and allowed to dry. After drying, it was first coated with silver
nitrate solution after the use of talcum power to rub on the back of the glass.
A second spraying of mirror- backing
paint was done after the silver nitrate coating had dried up. This whole
operation now resulted to a plane-mirror since a plane mirror is also a coated
glass.
The reflection of the mirror was taken
after coating the glass, while the refractive index of the glass was taken
before coating the float glass to form a mirror.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Historical Background
1.2
Definition:
1.3
Aims:
1.4
Scope of Study:
1.5
Uses:
1.6
Properties:
CHAPTER TWO
1.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Plane Mirror
2.2
Raw Material for Production of Plane Mirror
2.2.1 Sand
2.2.2
Soda Ash (Sodium Trioxocarbonate Iv)
2.2.3
Limestone (Calcium Trioxocarbonate (W)
2.3.0
Other Raw Material (Ie Additives)
2.3.1
Colouring and Decolourizing Agents
2.3.2
Melting and Refining Agents
2.3.3
Opalizing Agents
2.2.4
Modifiers
2.3.5
Cullet
2.40
Types of Furnaces
2.4.1
Tank Furnance
2.4.2
Pot Furances
2.4.3
Day Tanks
2.4.3
Recuperative Furnance
2.5.0
Glass Formation
2.5.1
Glass Melting Process
2.5
Preparation of the Batch
2.5.1
Melting Of Glass
2.6
Types of Glasses
2.6.2
Float Glass
2.7
Manufacture of Mirror
2.7.1
Sequence of Production
2.7.2
Cutting
2.7.2
Labelling
2.7.3
Polishing
2.7.4
Washing Operation
2.7.5
Silvering Spraying
2.7.6
Painting
2.7.7
Oven
2.7.8
Cleaning and Inspection
2.7.10
Drilling
2.8.0
Types of Mirrors
2.9.0
Optical Properties of Mirror
2.9.1
Refractive Index and Dispersion
2.9.2
Transparency
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Experiment
Procedure for Production Of plane mirror
3.1
Raw Materials
3.2
Apparatus/Equipment
3.3
Preparation of mirror silvering chemical
3.4
Operational procedures involved in the production of plane mirror
3.5
Experimental Result
3.5.1
Refractive Index Of Glass
3.5.2
Reflection of Plane Mirror
3.61
Experimental Date For Refractive Index
3.61.1
Experimental Data For Reflection
3.5.2
Reflection of Plane Mirror
CHAPTER FOUR
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER SIX
RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER ONE
2.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
HISTORICAL BACKROUND
According to the history of glass-
mirror- Eye glasses- spectacles – contact lenses online”, the history of mirror
dates back to the ancient time when mankind first saw reflections in a pound or
river and considered it magic. At first polished stone or later glass was used
in early man-made mirrors later glass was used in combination with metals like
tin, mercury, and lead to create mirror. Today combing glass and metal is
still design used in almost all modern mirrors. Mirrors are made by
coating flat glass with silver, gold or mirror paints dates from Roman times
and the inventor is unknown.
According to steve Robinson (htlp:11
www. Restoration-advice org/pages/mirrors-history html), mirror made of brass
are mentioned is the bible, and mirrors of bronze were is common use among the
ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans. Polished silver was also used by
the Greeks and Romans to produce reflection. Crude form of glass mirrors
were first made is Venice in 1300. By the end of 17th century
mirrors were made is Britain and the manufacture of mirrors developed in
the other European countries and in U.SA.
The first attempt to back glass with a
solution of silver was made by the German chemist Justus von liebiy in 1836,
various methods have been developed since then, that depend on the chemical
reduction of a silver salt to metallic silver.
1.2
DEFINITON: According
to “the history of glass-mirror on line” mirror can be defined as a reflecting
surface that forms an image of an object when light rays coming from that
object fall upon the surface. A plane mirror, which is flat, reflects
light without changing the image. Thee are two types of mirror; the
convex mirror and the concave mirror. A convex mirror look like an upside-down
bowl. In a concave mirror which has bigger in the center, while a concave
mirror which has a bowl shape, object looks smaller in the center the
1.3
AIM: The aim of this project is to determine
the production of plane mirror using local raw materials due to its application
in our daily activity and life.
1.4
SCOPE OF STUDY:
The scope of this project is to outline the sequence of production of mirror
using local raw material and the operations involved.
1.5
USES: The uses of plane mirror in science
cannot be overemphasized. For instance, plane mirror is one of he apparatus
needed for the experimental verification of the law of reflection in
physics. The inclination of plane mirrors can also help in the
manufacture of periscope and kaleidoscope. Plane mirror is also widely
used in our home as security. It is also use to see distance object in
our homes. It can be used in building houses after tempering and for
domestic purposes.
1.6
PROPERTIES: Plane mirror
undergoes regular refection and produce a virtual image on incident beam of
light or ray of light on the surface, but apart form that plane mirror has
physical and chemical properties. This physical properties are viscosity,
strength, index of refraction, dispersion light transmission, (both total and
as a function of wavelength, corrosion resistance and electrical
properties. The chemical properties are reaction involves diffusion of
corns out of glass into the attacking materials and counter diffusion of ions
form attacking material into the glass. Reactions in which the silicate
network is demolished.
AFFILIATE LINKS:
Comments
Post a Comment