Project write – up on the construction of Sand filter for portable water filtration With stainless steel material
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Project
write – up on the construction of Sand filter for portable water filtration
With stainless steel material
ABSTRACT
The project constructed was sand
filter; equipment for portable water filtration. This was constructed
using a mild steel material. This was because of the excellent high
qualities of mild steel such as; durability tensile strength, high corrosion
resistance and also relative in cost compare to other special alloyed
materials, like stainless steel.
The send filter was chosen to be in
cylindrical shap, to ensure a maximum pressure for proper filtration to occur
and avoid edges that could attract dirt.
The tap, which was filled in the bottom
section of the equipment, was used to run out the filtrate.
Finally the construction of sand filter
was successful having an overall dimension in millimeters (mm) with a filtering
capacity of 25 liters per day and may be conveniently used by small scale
industry.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Aim and
objective
CHAPTER TWO
Literature
review
Theory of filtration
Types of
filtration
Classification of filter medium
Study of send filter equipment
Description of equipment
CHAPTER THREE
Method of construction
CHAPTER FOUR
Discussion
Problems encountered during
construction
Conclusion
Recommendation
Appendices
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Filtration is the removal of solid
particles from a fluid by passing the fluid through a filtering medium or
septum, on which the solids are deposited, example of such filtering medium is
known as sand filter.
The fluid may be a liquid or gas; the
valuable stream from the filter may be fluid, the solid on both.
Sometimes it is neither as when waste solid, must be separated from waste prior
to disposal, in chemical laboratory.
In chemical laboratory, filtration is
often carried out in a form of buchnor funnel and liquid is sucked through a
thin layer of particles using a source of vacuum or even sampler cases, the
suspension is pored into a conical funnel filtered unit a filter perper.
Generally, a thick layer of particles
or solid particles as to be formed and in order to achieve a high rate of
passage of fluid through the solids, high pressure will be required and it will
be necessary to provide a far greater area.
Fluid flows through a filter medium by
virtue of pressure differences across the medium. The volume of the
suspension to be handled will very from the extremely large quantities involved
in water purification and are handling in the miming industry to relative small
quantity in the fine chemical industry where the variety of solids would be
considered.
For large scale filtration, cloth or
canvas is frequently used as the medium, and the liquid is forced by pressure
through the bed of the solid that collects impurities in the liquid. A
common method of large scale and domestic filtration is the purification of
water by collecting some suspended penticle on a bed composed of coarse gravel covers
with fine layers of sand. The water sinks down through gravel and is run
off by gravity. The equipment used is the sand filter.
However, filters are divided into three
major groups such as cake fitters, clarifying filters, and gross flow filters;
there are different types of filters such as pressure filters, rotary filters,
cake filters, string discharge filters, centrifugal filters, granular filters
and send filter.
SCOPE
The constructional project involves the
project of slow sand filter for portable water filtration. Only two
different sand layers of varying sizes were used as filter medium due to size
required and cost implications.
Among other materials of construction,
mild steel sheet were used due to its low resistance to corrosion, compare to
stainless steel sheet, but among other considerations, availability cost were
the major constraints. Therefore it has high quality properties like
hardness, resistance to corrosion, resistance to chemicals, and resistance to
heat.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of constructing sand filter
equipment for portable water filtration is to learn a craft work. Construction
of sand filter enable students to be conversent with the use of industrial
equipment such as fabrication machine, flooding machine, bending machine and
drilling machine etc.
The construction of sand slitter gives
a basic knowledge, which will equip student in designing of other industrial
equipment. Therefore, sand filter is an equipment designed for the
separation of solid material from liquid or gas. Sand filter are
constructed for water purification and removal of suspended matter particles
from a liquid in the industries, laboratories and domestic home etc.
Also, the equipment determine the
amount of that would passes through a particular amount of sand and the amount
of water that was displaced in the particle.
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