RECLAMATION MEASURES FOR GULLY EROSION SITES A CASE STUDY OF OBOLLO-ETITI, UDENU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE
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RECLAMATION MEASURES
FOR GULLY EROSION SITES
A CASE STUDY OF
OBOLLO-ETITI, UDENU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ENUGU STATE
Abstract
The incidence of
gully erosion in Obollo-Etiti in Udenu Local Government Area of
Enugu State has assumed alarming proportions thereby gaining local government
recongnition as an ecological disaster.
The aim of this study
is therefore to determine and analysis the factors responsible for gully
development and with preferring solutions. From my observation, the gully
erosion for more than three to four years has been responsible for the loss of
farmland, damage of roads, thereby rendering them farmless for varying
period of time and loss of livestock which majority of the population depends
on for survival.
Congruently, the
community have been working on it and even employing indigenous management
strategies. However not much progress has been recorded with regard to
combating the manace as both community and government carryout
intervention measure almost exclusive of each other, with the information
gotten is therefore recommends among other things that the management
strategies of local government should be harmonized with that of the
community with regard for the unique environment and social feature of the
study area.
Table of
Contents
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
study
1.2 Objectives of the
study
1.3 Justification of
the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Definition of
Gully
Erosion
2.2 Classification of
gully
2.3 Causes of gully
erosion
2.4 Process of gully
formation
2.5 Gully reclamation
techniques
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Area
3.2 Topographic
Survey
3.3 Determination of
Soil Properties
3.3.1 Grain size distribution
3.3.2 Atterberg limit test (liquid
limit determination)
3.3.3. Specific gravity
determination
3.3.4 Permeability determination
3.3.5 Direct shear test determination
3.3.6 Dry and bulk densities
determination
3.4 Hydrological
analysis
3.4.1 Mean annual Rainfall
3.4.2 Intensity duration curve
3.4.3 Run-off determination
3.4.4 Time of Concentration
(TC)
3.5 Selection and
design of appropriate control
structure
3.5.1 Design of Trapezoidal channel
3.5.2 Design of drop structure
3.5.3 Design of discharge outlet
structure
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
4.1 Results
4.2
Discussions
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 RECOMMENDATION
AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Recommendation
5.2 Conclusion
References
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
Disaster have been defined and categorized in diverse by various scholars
see for instance, Bates (2002). Hugo (2009), Naik (2009) and Keane (2004).
Disaster which may occur from natural or man-made processes often involve large
scale alternations of the areas they occurs and suffering of a sizeable number
of persons. Human responses to disaster vary according to the nature of the
disaster.
Advances in science and technology have aided the human race to stop the
events, to predict the events and more out of the ways such disasters or
discover ways of recovery after the events had taken place. However, some
notable disaster which when they occur, death and loss of property usually
result include, gas escapes earthquake, chemical spill oil, oil spills, forest
fires, coastal floods generally etc. landslide, causes of loss property
death and population displacement when they occur in densely-settled area of
the world s within Nigeria landslides occur as follows ups from deep gully
incision (Mozie 2010). The most devastating gully erosion in Nigeria are found
in South Easter Nigeria in the populated Enugu, Abia, Imo and Anambra
State and other lesser area is in Auchi in Edo State of Nigeria.
This project discusses the gully erosion control in Udenu Local Government Area
of Enugu State, Nigeria.
1.2
Objectives of the Study
I.
To determine the cause of the gully
erosion in the Obollo-Etiti, Udenu L.G.A. gully site.
II.
To construct maintain and unrest in the
study are unfrustural works like roads, water schemes and gradual transfer of
these to benefiting communities to engage in other activities that will
increase agricultural production in the soil.
III.
To design appropriate soil erosion
control structures for gully erosion site.
1.3
Justification of the Study
The justification of this project work is seen in the aftermath of the gully
development, which includes the destruction of the profile and the topography
of the area, thereby hindering development around it. The downstream
sedimentation is causing damage to the vegetation of area and a kind of
sediment transfer to discharge outlet (which may cause pollution) is
being seen effected by the overland flow that originates from the watershed.
All these problems will be tackled when this work is successfully completed.
The justification of this project work is also seen in the earnestness of the
control. This is because the cost of reclamation and control is increasing on
daily basis due to the continuous deepening of the gully by run off action and
detachment by rain drop action.
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