STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING WORKERS MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY (ENTRACO)
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STRATEGIES
FOR IMPROVING WORKERS MORALE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN AN ORGANIZATION
(A CASE STUDY OF
ENUGU STATE TRANSPORT COMPANY (ENTRACO)
ABSTRACT
Improving workers morale and
productivity. It is very pertinent to improve the workers morale so as to
enhance greater level of productivity. Any organization that has no
consideration on how the morale of the workers can be improved is liable to
face a lower level of productivity. This strategy is adopted to increase the
employer/employee relationship and if it can be achieved, it is by giving
incentives like free transport allowance and in fact make them have a sense of
belonging. Improving workers morale has been one of the main strategies adopted
in most of our organizations in Nigeria because it is a process by which
workers get motivated in order to enhance productivity services effectively.
This prospect has been a broad area of concern to most of our existing firms or
organizations who do not know how to get workers motivated thereby improving
their morale and productivity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the
Study
1.2
Historical Background
1.3 Statement of
Problem
1.4 Purpose of the
study
1.5 Scope of the
study
1.6 Research
Hypothesis
1.7 Limitation of the
Study
1.8 Definition of
Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature
Review
2.1 Extent of Workers
Relationship with Top
Management
2.2
The type of Leadership in an Organization that could Enhance Workers Morale and
Productivity
2.3
Evaluation and Recognition Of Performance
2.4
Effects of Good Management Appraisal in Organizational
Productivity
2.5
Improving Morale and Organizational Performance
2.6
Human Problems Encountered in work Place
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research
Design
3.2 Area of
Study
3.3
Population of the
Study
3.4
Sample and Sampling
Procedures
3.5 Instrument of
Data
Collection
3.6 Validity of Instrument
3.7 Reliability of
Instrument
3.8 Method of Data
Collection
3.9 Method of Data
Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1
Presentation and Analysis Of
Data
4.2
Test of Hypothesis
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion,
Recommendations and Conclusions
5.1
Discussion of Findings
5.2
Implication of the Research
Findings
5.3
Conclusions
5.4
Suggestion for further Studies
Bibliography
Appendices
CHAPTER ONE
INTORDUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
In every organization set-up,
indispensable groups are discernible. These groups are known as the employees
and the employers. They both constitute the point upon which the activity of
the organization revolves.
It is said that area of the most common
mutual interest where employees and employers may co-operate consciously the
advantage of them consist of improving the morale of the worker, promoting
efficiency and productivity, eliminating waste, reducing cost of maintenance.
Every organization is set up to attain
in some definite and defined objectives. These objectives, which have to be
accomplished through the instrumentality of the above mentioned groups often,
include high productivity. To do this management has to organize its resources
to achieve maximum performance.
One of this resources is of course,
Human beings, while the out put of some factors like machine. May be
predetermined activities involving people are not calculated precisely for even
if they are, the result may vary, due to what is known as human element. How
well a job is done depends on the rewards attached to the workforce. The word
reward in its own stresses has complete meaning. But due to the result of
research on human behavior in work situation, we are able to realize that wage
or salary is mainly one of the important needs of the workers.
Every worker at work requires the
organizations to treat him not just like a community but like a human being of
high reasoning.
Beloc (1964) once wrote that workers
have certain inalienable right as important as those of their employer and it
is the duty of the organization to recognize these rights.
It is obvious that the workers have
needs, which the work situation may or may not satisfy. The degree of
satisfaction and dissatisfaction will be reflected not only in measured work
but also in the morale of workers. The maximization of personnel contribution
of the entire human element in an organization is the major objectives of the
organization, which is implemented not only through the whole management
process itself. How those people are organized directly influence their morale.
Historical Background
Of Enugu State Transport Company Limited (ENTRACO)
Prior to (1988), the nations
transportation system has to a large extent, been operated by private sector
except in a few states like Lagos State Transportation Company, former Bendel
(Bendel Line) and the then Eastern Central State (Oriental Line).
The introduction of the structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) by the Federal
Military government put increased pressure on the economy, causing an increase
in the prices of vehicles and spare parts, which virtually paralyzed the
nations transportation sector. It also became evident that the public
transportation system available was grossly inadequate to serve the nations
needs.
In view of the this development, the federal military government launched the
federal urban Mass Transit Program in (1988) and directed all state government
to match the programme with action in September (1988), the government of
former Anambra State launched the Transport Company of Anambra State
(TRACAS) with in initial grant of about four million naira (N4,000,000) from
the state government.
The creation of Enugu State from the former Anambra state in August 27, (1991),
gave birth to Enugu State Transport Company Limited (ENTRACO). Enugu
State Transport Company started operation with the initial buses and other
assets it inherited from transport Company of Anambra State (TRACAS) following
the sharing of assets and liabilities between the two sister companies.
Enugu State Transport Company (ENTRACO) inherited fifty percent (50%) share of
vehicles supplied by the federal urban Mass Transit Agency, (FUMTA).
It will be recalled that Governor Nnamani’s Government revamped the ailing Enugu
State Transport Company (ENTRACO), which improved its performance tremendously.
New buses were procured while massive refurbishments of dilapidated one’s where
carried out, increasing the fleet of buses. The management of Enugu State
Transport Company (ENTRACO) inherited only but one bus on the road, but now
seventeen (17) buses have been refurbished bringing the road to thirty (30)
including thirteen (13) more buses recently acquired. With this, the transport
company have re-open many previously shut terminals and depots, thus creating
job opportunity and attracting more revenues.
Today, Enugu State transport Company’s (ENTRACO’s) fleet of business has
increased following the procurement and refurbishment of more buses.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.
Improving workers morale and
productivity in an organization has been the main study or way to increase the
shareholders wealth. The workers are forced with lots of problems concerning
the strategies for improving workers morale and productivity in the
organization and with regards to these problems; the researcher wants to find
answers to the following problems/questions.
i.
What are the ways of improving the workers moral?
ii.
How can efficiency and productivity be increased in the organization?
iii.
How can waste and redundancy be eliminated in the organization?
iv.
What are the ways of reducing cost of maintenance at the same time improve the
quality of services?
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The rationale for conducting this
research work lies in the suspected high degree of dissatisfaction which
reduces the workers morale towards productivity and its effects in the
organization. For the purpose of this research, the researcher wants to
ascertain the following:
a.
To known if high commitment can help in improving organizational performance
and also if social process of motivating workers to perform effectively can
help.
b.
To ascertain the ways through which workers morale and productivity can be
improved in an organization.
c.
To know how waste and redundancy can be eliminated in the organization.
d.
To find out the ways at which the cost of maintenance be reduced and at the
same time, the quality of service be improved. In order words, it is
believed that at the end of this research work, the researcher will be able to
know the strategies at which the morale and productivity of workers can be
improved in the organization using Enugu State Transport Company Limited (ENTRACO).
1.4
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of this study is very wide if
it has to be carried out in all organization of any type of work or
activity. This study is based on the strategy for improving workers
morale and productivity in an organization; and Enugu State Transport Company
Limited (ENTRACO) being the area of study.
1.5
RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
H0:
The cost of maintenance cannot be reduced and at the same time the quality of
service can not be improved in an organization.
H1:
Organizations quality of service can be improved and cost of maintenance can
also be reduced.
H0:
High commitment and social process of motivating workers to perform effectively
cannot help to improve organizational performance.
H2:
Social process of motivating workers to perform effectively and high commitment
can help to improve organizational performance.
H0:
Workers morale and productivity cannot be improved in an organization.
H3:
Workers morale and productivity can be improved in an organization.
H0:
Waste and redundancy cannot be eliminated in the organization.
H4:
Waste and redundancy can be eliminated in the organization.
1.7 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
The following terms used in this study
should be taken to mean :
Strategies:
Is human activity directed at managing any affair skillfully and favorable.
Strategy: Is
a set of objectives, policies and plans that are taking together to define the
scope of business enterprise and approach to survival and success. It is also a
long term plan or policy.
Productivity:
Is the increase efficiency and the rate at which the out-put are produce.
Morale:
Is the spirit and state of mind of workers. It conditions the attitude and
behavior of individuals towards their work.
Organization: Is
the collection of people who come together to achieve a common goal with rules
and regulations guiding them.
Therefore, the
strategies for improving workers morale and productivity in an organization
simply means better pay and conditions for an increase in out-put.
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