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THE
ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT EFFORT TOWARDS CASSAVA PRODUCTION
(A
CASE STUDY OF NKANU EAST LGA ENUGU STATE)
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this
study was to find out the analysis of Federal Government effort
towards cassava production in pursuance of this study, researcher objectives
and research questions were formulated. Both primary and secondary data
were collected and the data were them presented, analyzed, interpreted using texual,
graphic and tabular modes of data presentation. The population used in
this study consist of 420 farmers in Nkanu East. Though 382 questionnaire
were returned of the 420, the survey research method in federal government.
However, cassava is the most widely cultivate crop in the Southern parts
of the country cassava production was reported to be increasing among villages
where the cassava, Yam, rice, beans, or peas were the most important crops, it
is also grown by most every household, Nigeria is currently the largest
producer of cassava in the world with an annual production of over 34 million
tones of tuberous roots. Cassava has also increased in importance in the middle
belt in recent years. I n all over fourth fifths of the cultivatable land area
is suitable for cassava growing. Furthermore, the federal government
should be more sincere in the policy making which is standing tool for the
progress if the project.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1 Background of the
Study
1.2
Statement of the
Problem
1.3
Objective of the
study
1.4
Research Question
1.5
Research
Hypothesis
1.6
Significance of the
study
1.7 Scope
and limitations of the
study
1.8
Definition of Terms
Reference
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature Review
2.1 Trend in Cassava
Production in Nigeria
2.2 Resource Base of
the Cassava Production
2.3 Spread and
Economic Importance of Cassava
2.4 Constraints in
Cassava Production
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research Design and
Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Area of Study
3.3 Population of
Study
3.4 Sampling
Technique
3.5 Instrument for
Data Collection
3.6 Instrument for
Data Collection
3.7 Method of Data
Collection
3.8 Method of Data
Analysis
References
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Presentation and
Analysis of Data
4.2 Data Analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary of Findings, Recommendations
and Conclusion
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Recommendation
5.3
Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Cassava is one of the most important
crops in Nigeria. It is the most widely cultivated crop in the Southern part of
the country in terms of area devoted to it and number of farmers growing it.
Indeed, it is growth by almost every household, cassava has also increased in
important in the middle belt in recent years, in all places, cassava has become
very popular as a good and cash crop and is fast replacing yam and other
traditional staples of the area. In all over fourth fifth of the
cultivable land area is suitable for cassava growing.
Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) was introduction into central African from
South America in the Sixteeth century by the early Portuguese explorers (Jones
1959), it was probably the emancipated slaves who introduced the cassava crop
into Southern Nigeria as they returned to the country from South America with
the Islands of Scio-Tonne and Fernando Po A. E. that time there were Portuguese
colonies of Nigeria shores (Ekandem) cassava, however, did not become important
in the country until the end of the nineteenth century when processing
techniques were introduced, as many more slaves returned home. Cassava is
important not only as a good group but even more so as a major source of income
for rural households, Nigeria is currently the largest producer of cassava in
the world with an annual production of over 34 million tones of tuberous
roots. Cassava is largely consumed in many processed forms in Nigeria,
its use in the industry and liverstock feed, it well known but is gradually
increasing, especially as important substitution becomes prominent in the
industrial sector of the economy.
As a cash crop, cassava generates each income for the largest number of
households of comparison with other staples. It is produced with relevant
purchased inputs as frequently as and in some cases more of total production,
probably larger than of most staples, is planted annually for sale.
As a food corp, cassava has some inherent characteristic which make it
attractive, especially to the cassava processing industries in Nigeria.
First, it is rich in carbohydrate especially starch and consequently has a
multiplicity of end uses, secondly, it is available all year round, making it preferable
to other more seasonable crops such as grains, pees and beans and other crops
for food security. Compared to grains, cassava is more tolerant of low
soil fertility and more resistance to drought, pest and disease furthermore,
its roots are storable in they ground for months after the mature. These
attributes combined with other socio economic consideration are therefore what
the federal government (IFAD) has recognized in the crop as lending itself to a
commodity based approach to poverty alleviation (FAD/IC, 1995). The socio
economic importance of cassava and the accidental introduction of cassava
mealybug which ravaged most cassava fields in the major producing areas led to
the federal governments direct intervention in a way of rendering effort to the
subsector, in the implementation to the IFAD assisted cassava multiplication
project (CMP) between 1987 and 1996. In the early 1980s Udemili South of
Anambra State Nkanu East drusticaly the combined effects of pests disease
(Mosaic virus, cassava bacteria bright) Cassava Production Fell (Mealybug and
Green Spider Mite), thereby posing a threat to national food security. In
response, IFAD initiated the CMP as a parallel financed part of the World Bank
– assisted MSADP –L. The overall objective of the CMP was to multiple,
promotes and distribute improve varieties to cassava processing industries so
as to improve productivity and income.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Government intervention and the efforts
on non government organization in the cassava subsector have led to a number of
measures that support the production, processing and marketing of cassava,
dating back to the 1970s, these include government programme such as the
National Accelerated Food Production Programme (NAFPPO), and Operation Feed the
Nation (OFN), the Agricultural Development Projects (ADP), the development of
the National Agricultural Research Systems and their close collaboration with
the International institute of tropical Agriculture (IITA) and other
International Agricultural research centres and large scale planting material
multiplication and distribution facilitated by the IFAD assisted Cassava
Multiplication Programme (CMP) and activities of oil companies and church
organizations through these efforts, appreciable program has been made in
genetic improvement, agronomic practices, root storage and in the development
of processing technology and rural infrastructure concerted efforts have also
been made to introduce improved practices to farmers. Thus, improved varieties
now occupy approximately 0.75 percent of cassava land area and several labour
intensive operation in processing notably grating, dewatering and milling, have
mechanized. This has had a great effect on cassava land area expansion
and production growth. Despite the rapid growth in cassava production,
the cassava subsector in Nigeria is soil constrained by a number of factors,
namely pest and diseases agronomic problems, shortages of planting materials,
inconsistent policy measures, poor market access, limited diversification of
processing options, inefficient extension delivery system and inadequate access
to improve processing technology. Consequently, future intervention
strategies should include the following;
-
Development, rapid multiplication and dissemination of improve varies to
enhance the availability and diversity of improved planting materials.
-
Development and extension of improved agronomic practice for cassava
production.
-
Deliberate efforts to supports the development of cassava processing prototypes
and identification of application and useful technologies and incentive for
local entrepreneurs to fabricate them. This will sara labor and improve the
efficiency of processing, raise the quality and enhance marketability of products.
The design of such machines should be gender, sensitive, beaning in mind the
cardinal role of women in processing.
-
Strengthening of Extension: Farmers linkage with research to facilitate the
ongoing spread of cultivars, management practice and processing
techniques. This should lead to the mobilization of farmers through
emphasis on a participatory development approach, family or group based
extension and seed multiplication activities involving due recognition of the
role of women in production, processing and marketing and assistance that would
enable all farmers to take advantages of development programmes as far as
possible, adequate and sustained research funding which must be timely
released.
-
Development of new cassava products and packaging techniques for existing and
new products.
-
Promotion of industrial uses of cassava and diversification of processing
options to encourage increased cassava production and enhanced rural household
incomes.
-
Establishment of a sound macro economic policy that would promote sustained
cassava development.
-
Investment in rural infrastructure (especially feeder roads and water supply)
to promote cassava production, processing and marketing and
-
Greater involvement of the private sector and non-governmental organization in
the use of researcher and technology in cassava production, processing and
marketing in the development of infrastructural facilities.
1.3
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The general objective of this research
is to analyze the effort of federation government towards cassava production
using cassava processing industries in Nkanu East of Enugu state a reference
point therefore, the specific objective are as follows:
-
To determine the economic importance of cassava
-
To determine the role of government in cassava production in Nigeria.
-
To assess means of improving cassava production in Nigeria
-
To find out further intervention for production, processing and storage of
cassava and
-
To make recommendation based on the findings of the study.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
What are the trends in cassava production and utilization between 2001 and 2010
at the national level?
2.
What are the major interventions of efforts of federal government toward
cassava production?
3.
How can we analyze the investment in cassava research or development, including
production, processing and marketing of the crops?
4.
What is the success and failures (or limitations) or the federal government
interventions or efforts towards.
5.
What is the success and failures (or limitations of the federal government
interventions or efforts towards cassava production?
1.5
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
H1:
The major interventions or efforts of the federal government towards cassava
production have yielded positive result.
H0:
The investments or an effort of the federal government towards cassava
production has yielded negative result.
H2:
The investment in cassava research or development has improved the production,
processing and marketing of the crop.
H0:
The investment in cassava research or development has not improved the
production processing and marketing or the crop.
H3:
There is investment in infrastructure and service to promote development
(roads, storage facilities etc) and processing infrastructure.
H0:
There is no investment in infrastructure and service to promote development of
the crop both in service infrastructure (roads, storage facilities etc) and
processing infrastructure
H4:
There are the successes in federal government intervention or efforts towards
cassava production.
H0:
There are failures in federal government interventions or efforts towards
cassava production.
1.6
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of the study cannot be
over emphasized consequently it will be of benefit which includes the
following:
-
Development, rapid multiplication and dissemination of improved varieties to
enhance the availability and diversity of improved planting materials.
-
Deliberate efforts to supports the development of cassava processing protypes
and identification of applicable and useful technologies and incentives for
local entrepreneurs to fabricate them. This will sava labour and improve
the efficiency of processing, raised the quality and enhance marketability of
products. The design of such machine should be gender sensitive, bearing
in mind the cardinal role of women in processing.
-
Strengthening of extensive – farmers linkage with research of facilitate the
ongoing spread of cultivars, management practice and processing techniques.
This should lead to the mobilization of farmers through emphasis on a
participatory development approach, family or group based extension and seed
multiplication activities involving due recognition of the role of women in
production, processing and marketing and assistance that would enable all
farmers to take advantages of development programms as far as possible,
adequate and sustained research funding which must be timely released.
-
Development of new cassava products and packaging techniques for existing and
new products.
-
Promotion of industrial uses of cassava and diversification of processing,
option to encourage increased cassava production and enhance rural household
income.
-
Establishment of a sound macro economic policy that would promote sustains
cassava development.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
-
Cassava: It is a type of floor made from the thick roots of a tropical plan and
it is the most important crops in Nigeria.
-
Federal Government: A system of government in which the individual states of a
country should have control over the affairs of plants.
-
Crops: A plant that is grown in large quantitative, especially as food, cassava
has always been an important crop on the land.
-
Cultivated: Land used to grow crops or plans that are also wild grown on a farm
etc in order to be sold.
-
Industries: A production of goods from raw materials, especially in factories heavy/light
industries.
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