THE CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE CAUSE AND EFFECTS OF TEENAGE
PREGNANCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The research work is focus on the
case and effect of teenage pregnancy among secondary school students in Oredo
Local Government Area of Edo State was taken as a case study. There has been
panic resulting to confusion over the years on the sexual behaviour of
teenagers due to ignorance leading to the problem ‘teenage pregnancy’. This
research work is divided into five chapters. Chapter one entails the
introduction of teenage pregnancy on educational disabilities and educational
problems in a total number of teens who are mothers. Problems were stated in
question form like does teenage pregnancy result in school drop out and
constitute social/economic menance? Under this chapter, the purpose of this
research is to achieve are stated. The study will be of great importance to
future mothers, parents and the society at large. Chapter two dealt largely
with literatures that were related to the research topic. It was discussed
based on causes of teenage pregnancy, which includes ignorance about
contraceptives, dating violence, sexual abuse and childhood environment. This
chapter was conclude with strategies for success such as sex education and
family support programmes. Chapter three takes a look at the methodology which
was questionnaires, was statistically analyzed by the use of frequency tables
and percentages. Discussions on findings on finding from the questionnaires are
contained in. chapter four; it shows that educational failure has been
understood to be one of the negative outcomes of teenage pregnancy and early
childhood. It also shows that having boyfriend early could lead to teenage
pregnancy. Based on the above findings, recommendations were made such as
teaching children/teenagers sex education. Government and non governmental
agencies should enlighten the youths on the need for abstinence and the use of
contraceptives. Questions for further research were also given.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Research questions
Basic assumptions
Delimitation of the study
Limitations of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literatures
Meaning of teenage pregnancy
Teenage pregnancy a global tragedy
Causes of teenage pregnancy adolescent sexuality
Contraceptives
Dating violence
Sexual abuse
Age discrepancies in relationship
Strategies for success
CHAPTER THREE
Research methodology
Research design
Population of study
Sample and sampling procedures
Research instrument
Validity of instrument
Reliability of the instrument
Administration of instrument
Data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis and result
Discussion on findings
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion, and recommendations
Conclusion
Recommendation
Questions for further research
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The
research exposes the cause and effect of teenage pregnancy in order to design
effective solutions. The word teenage pregnancy cannot be further discussed
without giving a brief detail of what it entails. Teenage pregnancy can be
defined as when a teenage or underage girl between the ages of 13-19 becomes
pregnant as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse. it can also be seen as
the pregnancy of a young girl of 13-19 years mostly not married.
Every
year thousand of teenagers become pregnant at a very large population to
themselves, their children and the society. While the facts are clear, the
issues of teenage pregnancy are complicated by our conflicting attitude and
behaviour. The burdens of early childbirth on disadvantaged teens are
undeniable. Trying to entangle the factors which contribute to teenage
pregnancy from it consequences however, leads to which comes first “the chicken
or the egg”? (Florida Statutes. Public education, general provisions,
definitions. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State Board of Education, 1995). Said
that educational failure has been understood to be a negative outcome of
teenagers becoming pregnant and early child birth. But how can teens avoid
becoming pregnant when talk of sex fills the air waves, younger and younger
girls are portrayed as sex objects and sex is used to sell everything from
clothes to news. Yet we are shocked at the rising number of teens who are
sexually active.
If we
are truly concerned about the welfare of babies, children, and adolescents then
we must move beyond the moral panic and denial that so often distort the
discussion to design an effective solution to these economic assumptions,
wishful thinking and honest acknowledgement that is still yet not understood about
the causes of this problem. The causes of teenage pregnancy include the
following:
1.
In some places early pregnancy is seen as a blessing and a proof of the young
woman’s fertility.
2.
Adolescent sexual behaviour for example, 29% of teens reported feeling pressure
to have sex, 33% of sexually they didn’t really want to do.
3.
Lack of knowledge of contraceptives or access to it, fright and embarrassment
to seek information abut contraceptives also cause teenage pregnancy.
4.
Another cause is sexual abuse which studies have found that between 11-20% of
pregnancy in teenagers is a direct result of rape while 60% of teenage mothers
had unwanted sexual experience preceding their pregnancy.
5.
Before age of 15, a majority of first intercourse experiences among, females
are reported to be non voluntary and 25% of women who did not give birth as
teens were molested.
6.
Other causes of this problem includes, age discrepancies in relationship,
dating, violence, social economic factors, poverty, childhood environment,
greed, peer pressure etc.
Teenage pregnancy has become a
public health issues because of its observed negative effects and cause on
perinatal outcomes and long term morbidity. The association of young maternal
age is usually confounded however, by the high prevalence of poverty, low level
of education, which is our major and single marital status among teenage
mothers. This research assesses the independent effect of teenage pregnancy on
educational disabilities and educational problems in a total number of children
and teens who are mothers. According to Angola, G. “Dilemma of African Child”
the spokes man newspaper and printing cooperation, 1973), he said that the
teenage is an important period of development in a females life, it spans from
the pre-puberty stage to young adulthood. Girls (teens) have a questioning mind
and want to know and be taught the right attitude (s) (Margaret, O. Childhood
and adolescent studies for effective teaching, revised edition, 1999). Said
that world wide range teenage pregnancy ranges from 143 per 1000 in some
countries. In developed countries it is usually outside marriage and carries a
social stigma in many communities and cultures, for these reasons, there have
been many studies which attempt to uncover the causes and limit the number of
teens who get pregnant.
Data supporting teenage pregnancy as
a social issue in Nigeria includes low educational level, higher rates of
poverty and other poorer life outcomes. In some part of this country teenage
pregnancy is usually within marriage and does not involve peer stigma. Being a
young mother in a developing country like ours can affect ones education. Teen
mothers are more likely to drop out of school in prior to becoming pregnant.
Factors that determine which mother is likely to have a closely spaced reported
birth includes, marriage and education, the likelihood decreases with the level
of education of the young woman or her parents and increases if she gets
married. These circumstances also contribute to the likelihood of teenage
pregnancy for example; recent studies suggested that most adolescent mothers
have already dropped out of school before they became pregnant. In conclusion,
knowledge is power so let us salvage our future by being wise and seek to
obtain and achieve success through education.
STATEMENT OF
PROBLEMS
With
the changes in our society,. Teenagers who are supported to be called innocent
now take part in sexual activities like adults. Unfortunately, the result now
becomes the problem of herself, her parents, the society and even the unborn
child. The problems of this study are:
-
Does teenage pregnancy result in school dropout and constitute socio-economic
menance?
-
Are teenagers still shy and frightened to seek information about
contraceptives?
-
Do teenage mothers still see the need for further studies/education?
-
Do parents and guidance fail to motivate and advice their teens?
PURPOSE OF THEN STUDY
Based
on the background of this study and the stated problem above this research is
set to achieve the following objectives.
-
Make room for the improvement on the educational attainment of female in the
society.
-
To encourage teenage mothers of the chances of education after birth.
-
Make employment opportunities for ladies attitude active.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This
study will help to educate on the consequences of early pregnancy, on
educational attainment and also the significant negative emotional and social
consequences of sexual activities leading to teenage pregnancy in order for the
following persons/groups to benefit.
-
Future mothers who would want to enjoy their family through this study would
abstain from sex in order not to destroy their future.
-
Parents of these teens would benefit by excluding shame or ridicule by friends.
-
The society is also in the position to benefit due to the fact that the society
would be made up of planned children who are needed and reduces population.
-
The school authorities would have more students to educate with more zeal and
seriousness
-
Teenagers would escape unwanted pregnancy, STD, shame and safeguard their
future.
-
The future generation and unborn babies would be born into a planned, organized
and prepared environment.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.
Is it possible to make room for improvement of the educational attainment of
female in society?
2.
Can teenage mothers be encouraged of the chances of education after birth?
3.
Can employment opportunities for ladies make them active?
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Meaning of special words used in the context in relation to this research are
stated below:
Teens: Year of
a persons age from 13-19
Peers: Persons
who are equal to one another in rank, age, status, or merit.
Fertility: State or
condition of being fertile, being able to produce young ones.
Pregnancy: State or
period of being pregnant (having baby developing in the womb).
Sexual intercourse:
Insertion of a mans penis into a woman’s vagina.
Sexual abuse: Wrong
use of sex mainly by a stronger person to a weaker one.
Consequences: Thins
that results or effect of something else.
Contractive: Natural
method and artificial method of preventing pregnancy.
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