THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DROPOUT IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL. A CASE STUDY OF OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF DROPOUT IN
SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOL.
A CASE STUDY OF OVIA NORTH EAST
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The
purpose of this study is to find out the high incidence of school dropout in
recent times. A study was conducted in Ovia North East Local Government Area of
Edo state. The study was conducted to find out the locality.
On
analysis of data collected from respondents, it was discovered that the cause
and effect of school dropout in Ovia North East Local Government Area includes,
a.
Home
background {broken homes, dearth, poverty, unhealthy human relation}
b.
School
environment {peer group, indiscipline, poor classroom interaction}.
c.
Society
{poor parental care, cultism immaturity}
d.
Personal
factor {health, accident and self-concept}.
Base on the finding of this
research, the following recommendations were made,
1.
Government
should provide guidance and counselling to students in the area.
2.
Teacher
and parents should co-operate to discipline the students.
3.
Cultism
should be abolished.
4.
Good
health facilities should be provided.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Statement of problems
Purpose of study
Significance of the study
Research questions
Scope of the study
Limitation of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER
TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
The sampled area
The sampled subject
Data collection instruments
Validity and reliability of instrument
Data collection procedure
Description of statistical techniques
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis
Findings
CHAPTER FIVE
Discussion of results
Summary and conclusion
Recommendations and suggestion for further research
REFERENCES
QUESTIONNAIRES
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
This work provides the overview of
the major underlying causes of secondary school dropout and its effects in some
selected secondary school in Ovia North East local government area of Edo
State, Nigeria. The subject is directly related to two benchmarks being
addressed by many of Georgia’s country collaborative increase the percentage of
students who graduates from school on time’ and “reduce the percentage of
students absent 10 days or more from school annually”. The hope is that by
understanding the underlying root causes of dropout in secondary schools and
its key component a collaborative can examine relevant data for their local
community and develop a comprehensive strategy that produces
results.
In the ancient time, we have formal
or traditional educational system which Nigerian’s or indigenous people used to
educate their own children this is what has been called occupational education
before the coming of the Europeans and their western education to Nigeria.
The purpose of this type of
education was to make the young ones grow up in such a way that, they will
understand the society into which they were born, acquired the knowledge, skill
understand the attitude and appreciate the culture. However the general
education sill have area of specialization which includes palm fruit, packing
hunting, carpentering, etc.
As a result of the missionary
activities in Nigeria, a formal type of education was established with the aim
of training people who can read, understand and interpret the bible. The
aim also was to produce people who would be of service too the member of the
trinity of colonialism and church. The white-collar jobs which the formal
education provided, made many citizen to attend schools, some of them did not
complete their educational career due to economics, social and physical
handicaps that will be exhaustively dealt with in subsequent chapters.
Every year a great number of
students dropout of school due to some factors such as ill health, attitude of
teacher and peer group influence. Those who drooped out of school constitute
nuisance in the society. They can either be found roaming in the street or
seeking for opportunity to steal. However a lot of these dropouts involves
themselves in crimes and eventually end up in prison and in extreme cases
executed for armed robbery offence.
The Georgia Academy defines school
dropout as situation whereby students leaves school for one reason or the other
without graduating, this bring a threat to him or her. Georgia academy believes
that school is the right of every child even those in the rural areas of the
localities. Since the mid 20th century many countries have discarded
their previous selective schools systems, in which students early on were
separated between academic and vocational tracks, in favour of more
comprehensive schools. The effect of those reforms have generally been difficult
to evaluate and their consequences for students educational and labor market
outcomes remains disputed.
This work evaluates the effects of
the introduction of a more comprehensive secondary school system in Nigeria in
the 1990s. The reform reduced the differences between the academic and
vocational educational tracks through prolonging and substantially increasing
the academic content of all vocational tracks. The effect of this policy change
are identified by exploiting a six year pilot scheme, which proceeded the
actual reform in some municipalities. The result shows that the prolongation of
the vocational tracks brought about an increased probability of dropping out of
school among low performing students. Though one important motive behind the policy
change was to enable all secondary schools graduates to pursue a university
degree.
I find no effect on university
enrolment or graduation. There are some indications, however, that attending
the longer and more academic vocational track may have led to increase earning
in the long run. The Georgia sees the following as some of the causes of
dropouts in secondary schools.
Disabilities – students with disabilities are also more
likely to dropout. The national transition study estimates that as many as 36.4%
of disabled youths dropout before completing a diploma or certificate course.
Occupation aspiration – young people in the locality
perceptions of the economic opportunities available to them also play a role in
their decision to dropout of or stay in school. Dropouts often have lower
occupational aspirations than their peers. Young people give these reasons for
dropping out of school. According to a National Longitudinal study conducted by
the United State department of education statistics three (3) here is a summary
of the key reason why students dropped out.
a.
School
related
i.
Did
not like school
ii.
Could
not get along with teachers
iii.
Was
falling school
b.
Job
related
i.
Could
not work and go to school the same time.
ii.
Had
to get a job
iii.
Found
a job
c.
Family
related
i.
Was
pregnant
ii.
Became
parent
iii.
Got
married
The effects of dropping out of
school in recent years, advances in technology, have fueled the demand for a
highly skilled labour force, transforming a secondary school education into a
minimum requirement for entry into the labour market.
Because
secondary school completion has become a basic prerequisite for many
entry-levels jobs, as well as secondary education, the economic consequences of
leaving secondary school without a diploma are severe.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In
carrying out this study, it is necessary to identify the possible causes and
effect of school dropout in Ovia North East Local Government Area. They include
the following: -
1.
Financial
problem could hamper schooling.
2.
Loss
of parents or sponsor could hinder school
3.
Unhealthy
human relationships in school, quarrel, hatred, fighting etc can cause dropout
in secondary school.
4.
Low
mental ability can make a student to dropout of school.
5.
Academic
factors: National research also indicates that academic factors are clearly
related to dropping out. Students who receive poor grades, who repeat a grade
or who are average for their class are likely to dropout.
6.
Students
who have poor attendance for reasons other than illness are more likely to drop
out of school.
7.
Young
people in the locality perception of the economic opportunities available to
them also play a role in the decision to dropout of school.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The
purpose of this study is to find out the causes and effects of school dropout
in the locality.
The researcher wants to know the
problem face by students in secondary school, which lead to dropout.
Also the researcher wants to know
the effects of these dropouts in the society or locality.
The researcher also wants to know
the causes of these problems that are faced by students, which leads to their
dropout from secondary schools.
The researcher wants to find
solution to the problems of school dropout in Ovia North East Local Government
Area of Edo state.
RESEARCH QUESTION
To
provide solution to the stated problem, the following research questions, were
put forward:
1.
Do
students dropout because of financial problem to meet their basic needs?
2.
Does
broken home cause students to dropout of students from school?
3.
Does
poor students and teacher’s relationship cause school dropout?
4.
To
what extent does participation in secret cults cause dropout in secondary
school?
5.
Does
race-ethnicity bring about dropout in secondary schools?
6.
Does
early marriages causes dropout in secondary schools.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The
significance of this study is that, it will help us to produce manpower needed
in our society and also how to minimize the causes and effect of dropout in
secondary school. Also to provide solutions to these problems and look for ways
to eradicate the problems of dropout in these secondary schools. This is done
through the creation of awareness and letting the students to be informed at
the right time or given the right information will go along way to reduce or
even eradicate dropout in secondary schools.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
School
dropout:
Means student who after gaining admission into secondary school due to one
reason or another are unable to complete their school career.
2.
Delinquency: Illegal or
immoral behaviour especially by young people.
3.
Hooligan: Rough person
who fight and makes noise in the streets.
4.
Inchastised: Not
discipline
5.
Permissive: Act of
allowing
6.
Prerequisite: What must
take place before something else is done.
7.
Nuisance:
A student that trouble or problems.
8.
Hamper:
To prevent somebody from easily doing or achieving something.
9.
Tracks:
To follow the progress or development of somebody.
10.
Prolonged:
To stay long in educational career.
11.
Discarded:
To get out of school before completion of education career.
12.
Disputed:
A situation whereby there is no friendly relationship between students is
disagreement between the two parties.
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