THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF SMOKING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE CAUSES
AND EFFECTS OF SMOKING AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to
find out the causes and effect of smoking on secondary school students in Ovia
North East Local Government Area of Edo State using a random sampling method, a
total of 100 questionnaires were administered to 25 students in Iguedaiken
Grammar School, 25 were administered to students in Igbinosa Secondary School,
25 were also administered to students in Okokhuo Grammar School and 25 students
in Isewa Grammar School, majority of them started smoking in their secondary
school days, while others started in other schools. Various reasons were given
for smoking ranging from relaxation while some respondents said they cannot
tell because they don’t smoke and majority of them smoke 1-4 sticks of
cigarette per day. Some were influenced by their friends or parents from the
study, it was found that cigarette smoking is habit forming and has some long
term illness in man such as mental illness or memory impairment, cancer
agoraphobia, anxiety disorder and panic disorder, lack of reading, lack of
concentration, absent mindedness which can result to poor academic performance.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of problem
Research questions
Purpose of the study
Scope of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review
CHAPTER THREE
Introduction
Research design
Sample and sampling procedure
Instrumentation
Population of study
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Data analysis and interpretation
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion and
recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
REFERENCE
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Smoking can be referred to as the inhaling or taking of smoke resulting from
tobacco. Tobacco is a naturally occurring plant found mostly in the tropics and
presently grown in most utilized part of the world as an agricultural product.
Tobacco leaves is the most utilized part of the plant and it could be used
naturally (fresh) or processed (dry) systematically into other form of products
as it is being seen today e.g. cigarette, snuff pipes etc.
According to the Oxford concise medical dictionary, tobacco is the dried leaves
of the plant niceties bacum or related species used in smoking and as snuff.
The origin of inhaling smoke can be traced back of about 3000 B. C to the
burning of these dried leaves and incense in magical ceremonial and religious
practices among the Egyptians and the Maya India in South Africa until the
spread of tobacco smoking in the fifteenth century after Spanish explorer had
been introduced to it by the Mexican and Caribbean India taking in of smoke and
fumes and remained primarily only a priestly and occasionally a medical
function. After the introduction of smoking of Europe, Asia and Africa the use
of tobacco among ordinary people started from an alarming novelty to a common
people habit.
Tobacco smoke contain poisonous substance such as nicotine, alkaline, carbon
monoxide, aerolein, ammonia prussic acid and a number of aldehydes and tars in
all tobacco contain some 4, 000 chemicals. Cigarette smoking is also found to
be an important cause of cancer of the esophagus, nasopharynx, mouth, larynx,
kidney and bladder as well as cause of the chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, emphysema and heart diseases, stroke and other cardio vascular risk
associated with oral conceptive use and exposure occupational hazards.
There have been numerous campaign against cigarette smoking communicating that
this voice causes death, but a threat to health doesn’t seem to be a good
reason for quitting anything people somehow block themselves and ignore all the
information that is given to them. Cigarette smoking penneates everything
around it. Smokers usually have smelling hair, breath clothes and if they smoke
indoors a smell room, the strench of cigarette smoke is very penetrating and
hard to remove even if the person quits smoking the odor remains for a long
time.
Cigarette smoking also stains the teeth yellow or some times even brown, since
this effect in long term most people are not aware of it when they begins
smoking the truth is that a cigarette stain is very hard to eliminate from the
teeth and it will probably end up costing a considerable amount of money.
Yellow teeth are disgusting because they give an unhygienic image and make
people look older. Smoking reduced the rate of lung growth, smoking limits
young people physical fitness in terms of both performance and endurance even
among young people trained in competitive running.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This
study is aimed at investigating the causes and effect of smoking among
secondary school students in some selected schools in Ovia North East Local
Government Area of Edo State. However, the research will investigate this in
the following capacity.
1.
To find out if the students in the selected secondary schools in Ovia North
East Local Government Area understand the meaning of smoking.
2.
To find out whether some unpleasant actions have resulted from smoking among
the students.
3.
To also find out the various ways adopted by families and teacher in
controlling smoking among the students.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The important questions in this research would be:
1.
Does tobacco smoking affect the students?
2.
Does the secondary school students in Ovia North East Local Government smoke
tobacco?
3.
Are there any risk associated with tobacco smoking?
4.
Do female students smoke tobacco?
5.
Do parents, teachers and guidance aware that students smoke?
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The
main purpose of this study is to investigate and highlight the causes as its
research finding may be applicable to other part of Nigeria. Therefore, the
purpose of the study is the supplement of the existing finding on the topic.
1.
To investigate the causes of smoking among secondary school students of Ovia
North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
2.
To investigate the effect of smoking on the students in the secondary schools
investigated and;
3.
To commend and suggest possible ways of curbing tobacco smoking among the
affected students and other intending to go into the act.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of this study, the causes and effects of tobacco smoking among
students in Ovia North East Local Government of Edo State cannot be
overemphasized. The study is of much significance not only to Nigeria in
general.
1.
It will serve as a reading test to knowledge about the causes, effect and
control of tobacco smoking.
2.
It will serve as an expository literature on the risks of smoking not to
secondary students but also to all and sundry.
3.
It will serve as a veritable tool for seminars, public lecturers as well as a
medium for awareness campaign on the causes, effect and control of smoking.
Above all,
this piece of work will offer very useful suggestions on the implication of
smoking and of family and teachers play to prevent tobacco smoking as well as
encouraging the people of Ovia North East locally on the need to establish
tobacco rehabilitation centre with the help of the ministry of health` drug
inspection unit.
SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
This
study will be limited to some selected recognized government and private
secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State.
DEFINITION
OF
TERMS
Nicotine: a
poisonous substance in tobacco that people become addicted to.
Smoke: the gray
to life or black gas that is produced by something burning, cigarette.
Smoker: a person
who smokes tobacco regularly.
Snuff: it is a
form, of a powder that people take by breathing it into their nose.
Tobacco: the dried
leaves of the tobacco plant that are used for making cigarette.
Cigarette:
it
is a thin tube of paper filled with tobacco for smoking.
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