THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON N.C.E. GRADUATES (A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA-OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE)
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THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF
UNEMPLOYMENT ON N.C.E. GRADUATES (A CASE STUDY OF IKPOBA-OKHA LOCAL
GOVERNMENT AREA, EDO STATE)
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to investigate
“causes and effects of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates in Benin City, Edo
State capital. In the course of carrying out the work, the researcher looked at
the type of unemployment, some of which include frictional unemployment,
seasonal unemployment, cyclical unemployment and residual unemployment. The
researcher also focuses her attention on reviewing related literature. More so,
it was revealed that some of the causes of unemployment are too many for N.C.E.
graduates seeking jobs. Irrelevance of the course studies, the movement of
people from rural areas to urban areas. However, some recommendations were made
in the closing chapter among which are; Government should restructure our
education system to suit the demands of the society, Government should make
agriculture more attractive, Good development plan, finally, government should provide
necessary infrastructure to prevent the rural-urban migration, if these are
provided by the government, it will help to reduce unemployment rate to an
extent.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter
one
Introduction
Background of the study
Statement of the problems
Objectives of the study
Research question
Scope of the study
Limitation of the study
Significance of the study
Definition of terms
Chapter
two
Literature review
Types of unemployment
Causes of unemployment
Effect of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates
Solution
of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates
Chapter
three
Research
methodology
The study area
Population of the study
Sample method
Sample size
Research instrument
Organization of data
Statistical methods of data analysis
Chapter
four
Data analysis
Chapter
five
Summary, conclusion and recommendations
Summary and conclusion
Recommendations
References
Questionnaire
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
The rate at which the members
of unemployed N.C.E. graduates in Edo State roam the street and city without
job has began to draw the attention of everybody. One would begin to wonder as
to the causes of these ugly trends or further still the influence it has on the
economy of Edo State.
In the course of this research, it
is important to know the meaning of the concept of ‘unemployment’ in order to
do justice to the causes and effects of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates.
Unemployment is a condition or
situation whereby persons capable and willing to work are unable to get paid
employment.
In any economy, there are many
people perhaps even most of the population who do not have paid jobs because
they are nursing babies or looking after their families.
Unemployment refer to those who are
involuntary without work, those who want jobs but cannot find them.
It is never possible to have
100% employment in any economy, hence the following types of unemployment may
be found.
Frictional unemployment: This
consists of workers in the process of moving from one job to another, who show
up in the unemployment figure at any particular time.
Structural unemployment: These are
physically, mentally and intellectually healthy people who cannot find them. It
is this structural unemployment that the researcher of this thesis is concerned
about.
Unemployables: These are people with
physical or mental handicap, which means that although they would like to work,
there is no work, which they are able to do.
Normal or transitional unemployment:
This occur when people change their jobs, that is, people merely desire to
change or move to a different part of the country for better jobs prospect.
Cyclical unemployment: This term
refers to the alternate booms and slumps in the level of industry activity.
Visible unemployment: This is the
existence of a large number of people who do not have work and who are dearly
looking for work.
Invisible unemployment: This on the
other hand is a situation whereby people are not looking but they are not looking
for work because they feel that there are no employment opportunities for them.
The problems of unemployment date
back to the 1930s, even before the great world economic depression. In Nigeria,
specifically, Edo State by the year 1960, school leavers secured jobs with
relative ease, skilled labour especially N.C.E. graduates was scared and
difficult to come by and it was the employers who looked for them instead of
the other way round as it is now. However, it must be emphasized that this
research is concerned with the unemployables frictional unemployment. But what
this author is researching into the effect and pattern of visible supply
deficiency and structurally unemployed, College of Education graduates in Edo
State.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEMS
The magnitude of the effect of
unemployment is difficult to determine because Edo State like Nigeria is plaque
with insufficient statistical data and records.
The problems of unemployment on
N.C.E. graduates are growing at an alarming rate.
Graduates come out from the college
of education without hope of getting employed in the state. This has led to the
study of the causes and effect and possible solution to N.C.E. graduates
unemployment problems in Benin City particularly and Nigeria in general.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are to;
1.
Examine the cause and nature of unemployment among N.C.E. graduates
2.
Examine the effects of unemployment on N.C.E. holders in Benin City
3.
Recommend possible solutions to the identified problems of unemployment among
this group of graduates, which can aid in reducing the effects.
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
i.
What are the major factors responsible for unemployment?
ii.
What are the problems encountered as a result of being unemployed?
iii.
Does unemployment lead to health problems?
iv.
What are the effects of unemployment to the family?
v.
What is the statistic of the unemployed on Ikpoba-Okha L.G.A.?
SCOPE OF
THE STUDY
The scope of this project work
embraces the whole nation but for the purpose of being specific, this study
also focuses on the causes and effect of unemployment on N.C.E. graduates only.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This research was will be useful to
the federal government, local government, tertiary institutions, students and
general public.
Since the causes and effect of
unemployment has been identified and enumerated, it is hoped that the state government
will undoubtedly tackle it and accelerate economic development in the state.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
In the course of this study, some terms used in the process
are defined as follows;
Unemployment is a condition or
situation whereby persons capable and willing to work are unable to get paid
employment.
Frictional unemployment: This is the
process of moving from one job to another by workers.
Structural unemployment: These are
physically, mentally and intellectually healthy people who cannot find them. It
is this structural unemployment that the researcher of this thesis is concerned
about.
Visible unemployment: This refers to
the association of a large number of people who do not have work and who are
dearly looking for job.
Unemployables: This is as of
physical or mental handicap, which means that although they would like to work,
there is no work, which they are able to work.
Normal or transitional unemployment:
This occur when people change their jobs, that is, people merely desire to
change or move to a different part of the country for better jobs prospect.
Cyclical unemployment: This terms
refers to the alternate booms and slumps in the level of industrial activity.
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