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THE ECONOMIC
IMPORTANCE OF SELF HELP COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
(CASE STUDY OVIA
NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTIION
1.1
BRIEF HISTORY OVIA NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Ovia north east local
government area is one of the twenty-two local government areas in Edo State of
Nigeria. The local government area was created from the district council under
the local government law in 1976, the local government which lies across the larger
part of the local government. Ovia North East local government area is one of
the largest local area in Edo State in term of land mass.
Eguake (1990) noted that it is situated between longitude 5°45 and 6°15 east
and latitude 5°15 and 6°45 north of the Central province of Edo State. The
local government consist of twelve wards for the purpose of easy
administration, the wards are Egheta, Utese, Uhen, Oghese , Olumoye, Okada,
Emma, other are Isiuua, Egbarha, Ovbiogie, Utekan, Iguegho. Therefore the local
government area is made up of about 50 villages. Okada is the administrative
headquarter of Ovia north East local government area.
By 1960 the population of the district councils that now make up Ovia north
east local government area has one-hundred and seventy six thousand, four
hundred and fifty three (76,453) but it was projected in 1976 to be two hundred
an forty-two thousand, two hundred and seventy-six (242,276) according to local
government report Journal of 1950.
The inhabitants of the local government area are Edo speaking people, so they
are said to be the same origin with Bini’s and the Yoruba’s who claimed to have
migrated from Egypt in search of a more ferile land. The major occupation of
the inhabitants of the area are farming and trading, of recent the people have
attached much importance to education which they hope will place them in better
position in white collar-jobs in order to be able to develop the local
government.
The village head in Ovia North East local government is the “Odionwere” the
Enogie is the hereditary position while the Odionwere is the position for the
eldest man in the community concernment.
The local government area is situated in the centre of Edo State. It is bounded
in some village by Emma by Ovia north east local government area (map to be
attached).
Development in the local government are is slow due to lack of infrastructural
facilities the insufficiency of these basic infrastructure have caused
devastating affects to the economic development of the area. Such that the
social aspect of life in the local government has been hindered. Little wonder
that the various communities in the local government embraced self-help
developmental project which the researcher is to examine.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
In economic, there is a fundamental assumption that we want are numerous i.e.
unlimited but the means of resources to satisfy them are very limited this
statement is responsible for the government inability to satisfy the want of
the whole people in the area she governs.
Realizing fully well that the government can not provide every thing they need,
most communities have decided and device a way of promoting economic growth in
their area which result to the adoption of self-help development project.
The people of Ovia north east local government area not left out in the
adoption of self-help development project they came together to co-operate,
identify and discuss their common needs in order to supplement government’s
effort to develop rural area by providing the basic need for their people
through self-help effort.
Consequently, it should be noted that infrastructural development and the
project provided by self-help offered towards improvement of the socio-economic
life of the people. This therefore act as a cornerstone for economic
development which In turn help to improve the standard of living of the people
in the local government area the self-help effort also a that arresting and
minimizing the controversial rural-urban migration which has been one of the
national social ills. As earlier said, Ovia north east local government area
consist of about fifty villages in different geographical location, it becomes
very difficult for government to provide all the need of the people in over 50
villages scattered all over. Therefore, certain base infrastructures necessary
for economic development such as roads, electricity, pipe borne water, schools
healthcare centres are necessary.
Nigeria being a developing country, its limited resources may not allow the
country to provide these material, it becomes imperative therefore that the
various communities must strive to do something to improve their let and this
coming together to join hands, this has given rise to the development to
self-help community.
This self-help
community project have been an impetus during the reign of Brigadier S. O.
Oghemudia (1967) who stated categorically that.
All communities most strive to improve
their local government because government because government may not be able to
saddle the whole responsibilities of all the communities in mid-west state.
During the reign of Ogbemudia communities who were to embark among self-help
development project were compensated and attracted to government attention as a
result, all communities started to embark on self-help project attract
government attention. Ovia north east local government was not left out in this
race, it is therefore necessary to note what exactly are the participation of
the different community in Ovia north east local government area of self-help
development project.
Moreover, it is necessary to investigate whether the tempo has increased,
decreased, remained or constant or had died down and to account for the factors
that affected this tempo.
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of these study are numerous, they include:
1. To
identify some economic social and welfare services the community have provided
for themselves through self-help development project since 1970.
2. To
find out the factors that influence the choice of the project executed.
3. To
identify how the project were financed and executed.
4. To
find out how they were able to carry out the execution of these self-help
project in the local government area and ascertain whether that was the best
way.
5. To
highlight the need of self-help development project in Ovia north east local
government area.
6. To
ascertain the economic impact of these self-help development project on the
communities in Ovia north east local government area.
7. To
find out how the people in different communities are able to come together to
provide themselves with some of the essential needs which the government has
not been able to provide.
8. To
determine the rate played by the Edo State government and the ministry of local
government in the implementation and execution of these self-help project in
the area.
9. Lastly,
to detect the problems associated with the execution and finance of the
self-help development project in the area and offer some suggestion on how
these problems can be solved eliminated.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTON
The project is out to provide answer to the following research question:
1.
What are the various self-help projects executed by the people of Ovia north
east local government area?
2.
What are the factors that influence the choice of the project?
3.
How were the projects financed?
4.
What are the mode executions of the project?
5.
What were the problems encountered in the execution of the project?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This study is significant on the
following grounds:
This study would acquaint people with the various self-help development project
that been executed in Ovia north east local government area since 1970 to 1998.
That the study would be helpful to student, researcher and other who are
interested I the study of the self-help community development project in Ovia
north east local government area.
It is also hope that the study will be useful as a source of material and
information to future scholars in self-help community development in Edo State.
It is also to justify the importance of the objectives stated to the economic
growth stated to the economic growth of the area.
This research is important such that it is aimed at finding out the names
spirit of the people which has made them to put their resources together to
provide some basic amenities needed in the area. This is essential as all or
the villages with their needs and the people should be encouraged to
participate fully in the development of his area.
Moreover, this research is important in determining the method of
executing and financing, so that wastage could be eliminated and
suggestion made.
If this is not done, people may be discouraged in contributing towards
self-help development project when they know that the money is directed to
another place.
Finally, the research is Important to enable government to find a way of
encouraging communities that engage is such project and assist them at
different levels.
1.6
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This research work is
on the economic importance of self-help community development project in Ovia
north east local government area of Edo State, the local government area
consist of twelve word. The scope of this project therefore embraces the
various categories of project that have been executed through self-help effort
in the local government area since 1970 to the present day.
In the light of thus, general survey of the wards will be made on joint capital
projects embarked upon by the communities under the local government area
which is Ovia north east grammar school Okada also same important project
embarked in to elevate the standard of living of the people will be booked into
such project include.
1.
The construction of seven kilometer road and bridge at Ugbese.
2.
The construction of five kilometer Eghta.
3.
Okada town hall.
4.
Grammar school at Okada.
5.
Communities day care center Eghta.
1.8
DEFINITION OF TERMS
In
this work the following terms were used distinctly and their meanings and
intentions are hereby explained.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
The
economic importance as it is used in this essay is to significance of the
project executed by the community in relative monetary value and the wealth of
those who embark on it.
SELF HELP
By
self help in this essay was means when the people
which result to the adoption of
self-help development project. The people in Ovia North East local government
area are not left out in the adoption of self help development project they
come together to cooperate identify and discuss their common needs in order to
supplement government efforts to develop rural area by providing the basic need
for their people through self help effort. Consequently, it should be noted
that infrastructure development and the project provided by self help effort
towards the improvement of the socio economic life of the people. This
therefore act as a cornerstone for economic development which in turn help to
improve the standard of human of the people in the local government area the
self help effort also a that arresting and minimizing the controversial rural
urban migration which has been one of the national societal ills.
As earlier said, Ovia north east local government area consist of about fifty
villages in different geographical location, it becomes very difficult for
government to provide all the needs of the people in over 50 villages scattered
all over. Therefore, certain base infrastructures necessary for economic
development such as roads, electricity, pipe bone water, school and health care
centres are necessary. Nigeria being a developing country the limited resources
may not allow country to provide these materials, it becomes imperative
therefore that the various communities must strive to do something to improve
their lot and this call for cooperative effort that is coming together to join
hands this has given rise to the development to self help community. This self
help community project have been an impetus during the reign of Brigader S. O.
Ogbemudia (1967) who stated that categorically that
“All communities must strive to improve their local government because
government alone may not be able to saddle the whole responsibilities of all the
communities in Mid-Western State. During the reign of Ogbemudia communities who
were able to embark among self help development project were compensated and
attracted to government attention as a result all communities started to embark
on self help project attract government attention and recognition. Ovia north
east local government was not left out in this race, it is therefore necessary
to note what exactly are the participation of the different community in Ovia
north east local government area in the areas of self help development project.
Moreover, it is necessary to investigate whether the tempo has increased
decreased remained constant or had died down and to account for some factors
that affected this tempo.
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