THE EFFECT OF MOSQUITO ON MAN: A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED AREAS IN OVIA NORT EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE EFFECT OF MOSQUITO ON MAN: A
CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED AREAS IN OVIA NORT EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF
EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
The significance and effects of
mosquito on man can never be overemphasized. No human being or other primates
can live without good health, as the “adage” says that health is wealth. The
aim of this study is to find out or reveal the effect of mosquito on man. It is
also to create awareness to the society on the danger of mosquito, especially
Ovia North East local government area of Edo State.
Four selected villages were used for
this study. In each of the village’s four hundred villages of males and females
ranges from 20-40 years, and 40 and above were served with questionnaires,
which is the basic tool for the study. The finding revealed that most of the
localities were not appropriately informed on the effect of mosquito on man.
The effect of these findings was
discussed suggestion and preventives or control measures were recommended.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter One
Introduction
1.1
Background
of the study
1.2
Statement
of problems
1.3
Purpose
of study
1.4
Significance
of the study
1.5
Hypothesis
1.6
Scope
of the study
1.7
Limitations
of the study
1.8
Definition
of terms
Chapter Two
Literature review
2.1
Classification
and general features of mosquitoes
2.2
Aede
mosquitoes
2.3
Habits
and habitant of mosquitoes
2.4
Life
cycle of mosquitoes and its effects
2.5
Life
cycle of malaria parasite
2.6
Life
cycle of plasmodium
Chapter Three
Methodology
3.1
Research
design
3.2
Population
3.3
Sampling
procedure
3.4
Research
instrumentation and administration
3.5
Validity
and reliability of instrument
3.6
Method
of data collection
3.7
Method
of data analysis
Chapter Four
Data analysis/interpretation and discussion
Chapter Five
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1
Summary
5.2
Conclusion
5.3
Recommendations
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Globally, mosquitoes without
questioned the most important of the insects. At present time over 200 million
people in over a hundred and subtropical countries of the world live under the
threat of mosquito. According to world Health Organization (WHO) it is
estimated that mosquito causes or contributes to the deaths of between one and
three million people each year, mostly children under five years of age.
Generally, in science, the study of insects (Etomology) cannot be competed
without the broad heading.
MOSQUITOES
Mosquitos play a very important role in any scientific discipline. It is
noticeable, however, that an initiative insight into the nature and life circle
of any scientific organism only comes to those who have a sound basic of observation
and scientific discipline behind them for one to be successful in study of
mosquitoes and its effects on man a special attention has to be paid on the
study if its habits and life circle. Since special consideration is given to
the environment in which these species of organism dwells, its role and mode of
breeding should also be considered as these affect the life span of man.
In
view of the above differences and diversity, this work will be limited to the
study of mosquitoes and its effects on man. Many of mankind’s idealist enemes
are found among the 85,000 species of stagnant and mosquitoes in “older
dipteral” south largest of the insects groups. Most members of the order have a
single pair of wings, hence the name diptera, meaning two lunged, most of them,
just like the mosquitoes also posses tubular mouths which can piece the human
skin for nourishing blood. The loss of blood is small, but as the insect is
sipping, virus and other pathogens may pass from the insects into the human
host. Sickness such as malaria, yellow fever, elephantiasis is transmitted
through this ways.
There
are about fifty species of the family, culiacdac many them are called Gnats,.
They are thin flies with long fragile legs and narrow wings. Only the female
how ever pieces the skins of mammals and suck blood the male defer from the
female in having long pulps and feather like analenae. In Ovia North East
local government in particular and Nigeria in general, there are currently
three species of mosquitoes all of which are potential malaria, elephantiasis
and yellow fever transmitters. The spotted gnat (Anopheles maculipennis) is an example
of the type of mosquitoes the rest with its abdomen raised at an angle and it
head in line with the rest of the body. It has spotted wings and one
sub-species (athroparus) which breeds in blackish water in coastal district.
The common gnat (anlex pipien) is a very abundant mosquitoes near stagnant
water and a type which rest with its abdomen parallel with the surface on\i
which its is resting and it head lowered at an angle. Aedes albopictus is one
of the largest and fiercest mosquitoes. It has spotted wings and white ringed
legs and body. The females attack man and other mammals literate in building,
something and rests in the same position and has a very similar life history to
that of a common gnat.
The
mosquitoes as a member of the “orde” diptera has no posterior pair of wings but
the posterior pair is represented only a pair of small club shaped structures,
the halters. These look useless, but this cannot fly without them. A fly with
its halters cut off can still beat its wings at the normal frequency and
through the normal angle, but it lose control in the air, it a straight course
and aliable to fall on its back. These halteres have an important function in
the control of flight.
1.2
STATEMENT
OF PROBLEMS
Accurate figures has shown that the
mortality (death rate) of human being increases rapidly and again, there is an
indication that the breeding rate of certain insects like mosquitoes is
increasing geometrically too. T he entomology of insects, mosquitoes to be
precise shows that most of the death of human being are caused as a result of
the diseases transmitted by these vectors to their hosts. An insight of such
diseases transmitted by the vectors are malaria caused by the females anopheles
mosquitoes, yellow fever, caused by creoles mosquitoes. The transmission of the
diseases I normally through the blood stream which contaminate the pure blood,
resulting in acute sickness that are characterized by many symptoms such as
sever fever, headache, vomiting, tiredness, dizziness loss of appetite which
may finally result to death.
1.3
OBJECTIVE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to know
the effect of mosquitoes on man. It is believed that in Africa as a whole and
in Nigeria in particular, the diseases transmitted by mosquitoes to their
host-man contributes immensely to about two third (2/3) of the total death
recorded annually. So, it is worthwhile to take proper study of these adverse
effects and hence know the panacea to curb the problems by reducing the breeding
rate of these vectors (INSECTS). Also, the study is to create awareness of the
effects of mosquitoes on man.
Therefore, this research will help
us to study properly of our environment and know what causes the high breeding
rate of these insects (particularly mosquitoes) and their control or
preventives measures.
1.4
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The study will provide knowledge on
the danger and effect of malaria on human being. It is serves as a reaching
text to members of the public, who could want to gain more or have a deeper
knowledge, on the effects of mosquitoes on man. It also will serve as awareness
to the people of Ovia North East local government area and to encourage non
government organizations (NGOs) to participate in campaigning to the people on
the danger of mosquitoes to man and its preventive measures.
1.5
RESEARCH
QUESTIONS OF THE STUDY
1.
Can
illiteracy about mosquitoes increase the rate of growth of mosquitoes and its
effect on individual in a community?
2.
Are
mosquitoes more than people living in urban areas? As well as rural areas?
3.
Can
the use of mosquito’s net help to prevent malaria epidemic.
4.
Do
non government organizations (NGOs) has a role ton play in creasing awareness
or campaigning to the rural and urban areas?
5.
Do
government has a role to play in eradicating mosquitoes as a vector?
6.
Does
poor environmental sanitation lead to the spread of malaria?
1.6
SCOPE
OF THE STUDY
The study was carried out within
Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State, in the following
locations/villages, Okada, Usen, Uhen, and Iginge.
1.7
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Accedes mosquitoes: These are carried of yellow fevers.
Entomology mosquitoes: These are a branch of science, which
deals with the study of mosquitoes.
Culex mosquitoes: These are carriers of elephantiasis and
filariasis.
Epidemic disease: These are rapid diseases that can spread
among many people.
Hypothesis: An idea or suggestions that are based on known
facts and is used as a basis for reasoning or further investigation.
Mosquitoes: Mosquitoes are parasitic organism that suck
human blood (female) and spread diseases such as malaria, yellow fever or
elephantiasis.
Parasites: parasites are small organism that lives in
(endoparasites) or outside cectoparasites) another large organism (the host)
from which the parasite obtain food without contributing anything in return.
Example mosquitoes, tick and fleas etc.
Swampy area: These are areas of low land along the coast,
which is been regularly flooded by the rivers, seas and ocean. It is a region
of heavy and frequent.
Vector: These are organism that carries pathogens.
World Health Organization (WHO) These are organ of united
nation (UN) which foresee or responsible for health.
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