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THE EFFECT OF POVERTY ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
STUDENTS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
This
research work was designed to find out the effect of poverty on the academic
performance of students in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local
Government Area of Edo State. This research work consist of five chapter.
Chapter one was on the background of the study. However, the significance
of the study was highlighted in addition to the problem encountered by the
researcher in the course of investigation. Chapter two was on the review of
related literature while chapter three was on methodology, area considered
under this section are population, sampling, validation and reliability of
questionnaire, administration of questionnaire and method of data analysis.
Chapter four was devoted to data analysis, where the researcher adopted the
frequency method and percentage to analyze the data collected by means of
questionnaire on the final note was chapter five which was devoted to the summary
and conclusion and recommendations.
CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
TO THE STUDY
Education is a process through which individual acquires skills, competencies,
and attitude. It is the right of every child to be educated, be it traditional
or western. Thus, education is been regarded as culture to man, people and the
nation of the world at large. This explains why man has to educate himself and
his offspring in the society. Poverty is one of the factors militating against
man from carrying out his educational activities perfectly. Because of the
various perception and complexities of the term poverty, a universally agreed
definition cannot be arrived at. But then poverty according to the oxford
advanced learners dictionary (2000) defined poverty as the state of being poor.
Oguw Mike (2005) sees poverty as a
way of life characterized by low calorie intake, inaccessibility of adequate
health facilities low quality education system, low life expectancy,
unemployment and under-employment. Leroy and Symes (2001) consider poverty as a
major anti-risk factors relating the concept poverty to Nigeria, it will
therefore be considered in a broader way which implies that it has be viewed in
various perspectives which include one national state and home background. At
the national level, a nation can be considered poor when her economic standard
is very low and this automatically makes the nation underdeveloped. The economy
of a country that does not reached certain stage of development in terms of infrastructure
and other development indices. As regard poverty in the family level, we are
referring to the home background. Even before the indigenous education or
western type of education, the home has always been the agency through which
man learns various aspect of life to enable him live a meaningful life in his
environment. The home which is also known as traditional way of educating the
young ones is still regarded as the first school of a child before he enters
the larger society.
The role of the home cannot be over emphasized because the general assumptions
that states of poverty in the family or home goes to a long way to determine
the extent of youth or students educational development. Education is seen by
many as the route to alleviate poverty. There is no doubt that meaningful;
education is the most potent instrument for alleviating and eventually
abolishing poverty. In considering the effect of poverty on academic
performance of students to be precise, the home background is the most
important phenomenon that needs to be seriously considered in order to enhance
the effective study of the relationship between poverty and students academic
performance. In view of this, some factors that needed to be considered in the
home or family background are parents academic qualification, socio-economic
class and facilities available in home or home environment as well as parent
status.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEM
Evidence shows that in Nigeria, the number of those in poverty has continued to
increase every year. By 1999, when the government came into power, it was
estimated that more than 70% of Nigeria lived in poverty. In recent years, it
has been a controversy through in the mind of people that if the poor status of
any society or nation, even family can really have an impact on the students
educational performance. In view of this, the study intends to investigate the
positive and negative impact of poverty on the student’s education in Nigeria.
This is because the diversity of the world poverty by different scholars who
have used it in their course of study and how it has affected the learning and
performance of the students in their educational development. Goldstem (1976)
admitted this concept when he said that the fact that much of youth educational
development takes places in a circle or home, the child begins to attend school
in psychological tourism, an attempt would be made to determine the influence
of parent’s socio-economic performance and the poverty impact on students
education. There is a group which contents the poor have right to be assisted
on the bases of group solidarity. Oijkstra (1984) we know that in Africa, the
system of the extended family addresses the issues of poverty in the community.
PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of poverty on the
student’s academic performance in Nigeria emphasizing on some selected
secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The study is to
find out whether students of nation can really be affected with any economic
standard of the nation. The study also tries to find out the extend of which
any community standard of living can affect the students education in that
community. Some teachers are surprise when it comes to evaluate performance of
some students such teachers might find a particular students in class
performing extremely poor despite all kinds of skills employed in carrying out
an effective teaching and learning process which extremely well.
This study will also provide possible suggestion, in enhancing or improving the
student’s academic performance by bringing out strategies to alleviate poverty.
For instance by introducing the Britain welfare legislative system by providing
accommodation, transportation, feeding, sickness benefiting, clothing etc those
families living below the poverty level.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
This study is important when looked at from the concept of poverty and the
three various factors, the national level, the community level and the home
level or family background which influence student’s educational needs. It is
hoped that the study definitely identified some of the essential factors
existing in the various level as they influence students in their performance.
The study will give solution on how to improve students’ academic performance.
The level of literacy can also influence the level of performance in economic
enterprise. This is why Africa tradition insists on lifelong education as a
process of acquiring various types of literacy, cultural, political, religious
etc for meaningful and effective living.
The study will also focus on the need for government to incorporate parents in
planning, for student. This is because the parents know best the environment
under which students at home will learn and other variable which affect their
performance. The study also enables us to know that poverty has become serious
problem in Nigeria. Despite her oil wealth, Nigeria becomes one of the poorest
nation in the world. This life span as short and there are social, political
and economic difficulties. Begging has become a vocation to many who now live
on the street. The crime rate is alarming, as violence, fraud and armed robbery
increase. One way of solving the problem of poverty is to introduce measures
ameliorate an equitable distribution of resource.
Henner Hilder Brand (1994) believes that the process of alleviating might be
beyond the acquisition of literacy and the introduction of income general
efforts. He seems to be suggesting that the cure of poverty would be the
conclusion of people in decision and policies. The living conditions of the
poor also signify lacks of participatory opportunities in the economics,
cultural, political and social areas. The living conditions of the fight
against poverty should consequently focus on eliminating the deficits mentioned
in order to be effective in the long-run.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
For the proper examination of this study, the following have been formulated to
serve as a guide in the conduct of the investigation.
1. What
is the impact of environmental factors on the academic performance of students?
2. To
what extent does the economic status of any nation affects its students
academic performance?
3. Does
the economic status of the parent have an impact on the academic performance?
4. Does
the educational background of your parent have any impact on your academic
performance?
5. Does
lack of equipment like textbooks affect the academic performance?
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