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THE IMPART OF
HIV/AIDS AWARENESS ON THE SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR OF YOUTH AND UNDERGRADUATE.
ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the impact of HIV/AIDS awareness on the
sexual behaviour of youths/under graduate. This research instruments consists
of a sample questionnaire and oral interviews. The sample used consists of 120
undergraduates selected from College of Education, Ekiadolor-Benin through
random sampling.
In this data analysis, the following finding were discovered
-
Abstinence from sex or have mutual faithful sexual relationship with an
uninfected partner.
-
Making safer sex part of life, and the use of condom.
-
Careful practice and use of blood products by health workers.
-
Discovering cultural practices that allow for the spread of HIV
-
The use of sterile instruments by health workers, barbers and in the processes
of making tribal marks, circumcision, ear and nose piercing, manicure, pedicure
etc.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background of the study
Objectives of the study
Statement of problem
Scope and limitation of the study
Definitions of some terms relevant in
the study
CHAPTER TWO
Review of related literature
Sexual activity/behaviour among our
youths in tertiary institution
STD/HIV/AIDS among youths
Youth’s awareness of HIV/AIDS disease
Youth perception about HIV/AIDS
infection
CHAPTER THREE
Methodology and procedure of study
Population of the study
Sample of study/sample techniques
Research instrument
Administration of the instrument
Method of data collection
Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
Presentation of data discussion of
results
Show the sex of the respondents
Show the age limits of the respondents
Show the marital status of respondents
Show whether the respondents have seen
an HIV/AIDS victim
Show the segment of the population that
is most affected by HIV/AIDS
CHAPTER FIVE
Summary, conclusion and recommendation
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Aids means acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Aids are a medical diagnosis
for a combination of illness which results from a specific weakness or damage
of the immune system. The immune system defends the body against infection
tumors, and disease.
This immune deficiency is caused by a virus called Human Immune Deficiency
Virus (HIV) and such infected individuals have no prior history of immunology
abnormality or nay other cause of immune suppression like chronic starvation,
malnutrition, tuberculosis or malignancies. When HIV gets into the body system
of its victim it continues to multiply and destroy the body immune system.
Having damaged the immune system, HIV opens the body to many diseases and
infections. Theses infections are called opportunistic disease”
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a deadly disease that was first
diagnosed in June 1981 by some medical doctors in the United State of America
it has since then, seen spreading all over the world at an exponential rate
with about 33.4 million people now infected with HIV/AIDS world wide, and over
22 millions of such persons lives in Africa (the Nigeria Tribute 9th
December 19998) and (UN report).
However, the pathetic things about this HIV/AIDS are it has no cure for now. It
is known as a pandemic outbreak because of its prevalence and occurrence at
several places at the same time throughout the world. So far an estimated 22
million people have died of AIDS globally, and in 2000 alone 3 million deaths
were recorded (Awake November 8th 2002)
On account of this, AIDS is now tagged with such names as “The killer disease”
“The silent killer,” “The scourge of our time,” “The new sensation,” “The
plague from God,” “The king of STDS,” “The end of the road,” “no cure,”
“exterminator” “no respect” to mention just a few. All these are used to
qualify the destructive nature rate of occurrence and spread, prevalence, no
class distinction and no curable characters of AIDS United nation (UN) report
says that the disease revels the greatest epidemic of history.
Awareness means to know, to have knowledge of a thing. So AIDS/HIV awareness is
to have knowledge of the body deadly disease. This study is focusing on youth
knowledge of IHV/AIDS it causes, effects and the transmit ion.
It sis a known fact that many people still do not believe that AIDS is a
reality (these people have misconception on nature perception of HIV/AIDS vary
from the assumption that one act of sexual intercourse with an infected persons
cannot lead to infection, that they can recognize HIV positive persons by their
appearance, that AIDS is a white man’s disease that nothing to do with the
black that AIDS is a threat used by adults to deter young people from
fornication and immorality, that AIDS can not adequately and completely be
avoided because of very numerous ways of infection which that hold includes.
Unsterile instrument with AIDS victims, and sexual intercourse with animals,
some set of people believe that HIV/AIDS is a strategic fiction which white men
have newly fabricated against the developing countries in particular so that
they can sell their condoms, and at the same time control birth rates of
developing countries through the adoration of using condom and abstinences from
sexual intercourse.
However, it may be thought of that there is just proper awareness of HIV/AIDS
but this through is wrong. Because, most youth have become aware of the danger
of contracting HIV/AIDS. But due to the fact that most youths are sexually
active, especially of school age and those at tertiary institution they still
indulge in illicit pre-marital sex at any give opportunity. There is evidence
of a high rate of youth contact sex and premature involvement among Nigerians
adolescent students (Esian, 1974; Owuamanam, 1982). The age and rate at which
Nigeria youths have their sexual experience and this increasing rate of their
involvement in sexual activity has given a great concern to all Nigeria. The
results of this are unwanted pregnancies illegal abortion; abandoning of
unwanted babies high rate of STDA, premature deaths, prostitution; sexual
exploitation and rapes etc.
Inspite of this increasing concern for the dreaded disease AIDS. The knowledge
of how the disease is transmitted and prevented has continued to be fraught
with speculation, particularly in Nigeria where large segments of the
population have not seen real causes of HIV/AIDS patient. (Odujirin and Akinade
1995). Hence this research work is focusing on the level of awareness of its
youths about HIV/AIDS. The focus on youth is deliberate attempt because youths
constitution a bridge were HIV/AIDS can be adequately checked and eventually
prevented and eradicate; they make up the lower segment of the active
population, and future development of any nation rests on health youthful
population. The most common way which HIV/AIDS spread in our communities is
through sexual intercourse, and youth fall into the categories of world’s
sexually active adult age of 15 to 49 according to UN report.
The youth do not in premarital sex and antiracial sex as already mentioned, but
form part of commercial sex workers (CSWS) or prostitutes. A number of them
travel abroad through any means for this purpose, and the consequence is
avoidably continued increase in the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Having known that “youth are the leaders of tomorrow” that a nation powerful
resources is human and that youths comprise that large population of labour
forces. It is imperative, therefore that maximum care and massive awareness, a
re-orientation should be given to the youth in any society to keep them in good
health for life continuity and optimum productive output necessary for
development.
As a result of these problems, highlighted above, this study will undertake to
show much youth are aware of this scourging disease and how the youth are
responding to this awareness.
OBJECTIVES OF THIS
STUDY
1.
The study was carried out in order to show the effects of HIV/AIDS awareness on
our youths.
2.
The study would also go to show the attitude of youths towards this deadly
disease in order for the society to increase its education awareness and even a
proper re-orientation.
3.
From this study more youth would be greatly affected positive, because it would
go a long way at preventing them from furthering engaging themselves in
indiscriminate and other manners of sexual activities.
4.
The study was carried out to change’s people’s perception to the reality that
HIV/AIDS disease is real and its spreading.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A lot of works have been done about AIDS, especially in terms of prevention and
findings cure. Government, non governmental organization (NGDs) or
groups/agencies and individuals have put in so much financial, human and
materials resources in the war against AIDS. Inspite of all these, the disease
has continued to spread at an alarming rate. It has been observed that most
AIDS carries must have contacted the disease in their youth age. This is true
of most developed and undeveloped countries. This stems from the fact that most
adolescents and youths are aware, they are not conscious of the consequences in
terms of the risk and severity of the disease.
This can be attributed to the fact that there is no adequate body of
information or a coherent reproductive health and Family Life Education (FLE)
to guide adolescents and youths grow into normal and responsible adulthood in
Nigeria. Many affluent and poor young one like grow up sufficient parental
nurture and guidance, because parents now spend most of their time looking for
means of survival and sustenance. This underscores a situation where adequate
knowledge about their own development and its implications. They lack knowledge
what protective and promotional health measures and services exist, where to
get these services and how to utilize the services.
Awareness of HIV/AIDS encompasses its meaning, its cause, mode of transmission,
method of prevention and knowledge of its consequences; and it goes together
with perception of HIV/AIDS. Thus, there is need for an examination of the
level of awareness and perception of HIV/AIDS among youths. And then attempt to
determine if their adequate awareness will help in the prevention and eventual
eradication of HIV/AIDS.
DEFINITION OF SOME
TERMS RELEVANT IN THE STUDY
ABSTINENCE: This is the act of avoiding
sexual intercourse with any partner; this is one of the best ways to guide
against the infection of HIV/AIDS and other STDs.
CONDOM or SHEATH: It is a rubber
covering worn over the male sex organ (penis) before sexual intercourse; it is
also used as means of birth control and a protection against other sexual
transmitted diseases. It can be referred to as the contraception for man.
Recently, however female condom has been on use by women and it is called
“fermidom” in Europe. The use of condom reduces the risk of veneral infection
and the spread of AIDS.
AIDS: it stands for acquired immune
deficiency syndrome of illness which result from a specific weakness or damage
of the immune system. The immune system defends the body against infections
tumors and diseases. This immune deficiency is cause by a virus called human
deficiency virus (HIV).
COITUS INTERRUPTUS: This is the
practice of taking the man’s sex organ (penis) out of the woman’s organ
(vagina) before ejaculation or before the sex act is completed, to prevent the
woman from being pregnant. It is also known as withdrawal method.
COITUS: This sex act between a man and
a woman or between male and female.
CONTRACEPTION: It is the act or
practice of preventing sex from resulting in the birth of a child,
contraceptive is a drug or any object or materials used inside or outside sex
organs as a means of preventing an act of sex from resulting in the birth of a child,
a stopping the ovum from being fertilized, contraceptives includes pills,
condoms, (both male and female) cap (Dutch cap or diaphragm intrauterine device
(IUD) etc.
HEALTH: WHO (World Health Organization)
1978 defines health as a state of complete physical mental and social well
being of the individual, not merely the absence or infirmity” it is
condition of being sound in mind and body especially freedom from physical
disease or pain good health enable people to enjoy life and have the opportunity
to achieve the goals hey have set for themselves. To achieve and maintain good
health, people must have basis knowledge about the human body and how it
functions and human environment only then can they determine what will or what
will not help or damage their health.
PANDEMIC: This is a disease that is
wide spread over a large area. Occasionally, an infectious disease becomes
highly contagious and sweeps through a community. This condition is called an
epidemic. When an epidemic occurs at several places through the world at the
same time, it is called pandemic outbreak because of its prevalence and
occurrence worldwide.
PERCEPTION: Perception is the way
people, individual or group of people look at certain things, the way they
regard a phenomenon or their beliefs about what it is like. Perception is the
process by which we receive, notice, understand and interpret information with
our senses from the world around us. The world around us consists of various
kinds of level of physical energy. Our knowledge of the world comes through out
sense organs which reach to these energies factors affecting perception are
receptions, the brains, learning emotion and motivation various factors
influenced to receive and process stimulate from the environment. Our perception
also reflects our emotions, needs, expectation and learning. The process of
perception is not merely a physical act involving our sense of seeing,
smelling, hearing etc. rather it is a complex act that includes mental and
psychological as well as physical aspects of behaviour.
SEX EDUCATION: It is a process of
making an individual develops a positive and wholesome attitude towards sex. It
is giving of correct information about the meaning functions and abuse of
sexual relations to young people and helping to prevent unwanted pregnancies
and sexual responsibility on the youths. And, it helps to remove prejudice and
misconceptions by providing young people with valuable knowledge about sex.
Other related terms include health education, family life education (FLE) and
HIV/AIDS education starts from home and concerns teachers, government and non
governmental agencies. Sexual transmitted disease is a short word for veneral
disease a disease that can be contacted mainly during sexual intercourse with
affected person (s). STD includes the following AIDS, chancroid, chlanmydia,
herpes, gonorrhea, wart syphilis, tricho moniasis, and others.
SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR: Sexual behaviour is
the various sexual act which engaging by people. These include sexual
intercourse between a man and woman, oral sex, sexual intercourse between a man
and another man (homosexual), and sex between a woman and anot6her woman
(lesbian).
SEXUAL AWARENESS: Sexual awareness is
the knowledge, perceptive or realization of the modes, attitude and the general
behaviour the goes with sexual acts.
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