THE INCIDENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF SOME SELECTED SSS STUDENTS IN ESAN CENTRAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
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THE
INCIDENCE OF DRUG ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF SOME
SELECTED SSS STUDENTS IN ESAN CENTRAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EDO STATE
ABSTRACT
This research was aimed at
investigating the incidence of drugs abuse among secondary school students in
Esan Central LGA of Edo State the findings of the research were based on the
effect of drugs, reasons for drugs abuse, how these drugs are gotten, the students
that abuse it more and the commonly abused drugs secondary school students
randomly chosen, drawn from 10 secondary school four boys schools two girls and
mixed schools.findings show that alcohol, Indian hemp, LSD Amphatanin, Chinese
capsule are the drugs commonly abused the investigation also show that the
drugs have effect on the abusers such lack of sleep, restlessness,
hyper-activity of the muscle and lack of self control. The abuse of drugs was
also found to be more prevalent among males students than female students. And
that most of the drugs gotten through illegal means. The findings also
indicated that the reasons why the respondents abuse drugs are as a desire to
win during competition, because it aid movement of the muscle, reduce fatigue,
ease tension and as an act of curiosity to know its effect. Solutions to the
problem includes government taking action against drug abusers, the provision
of counselling services to school and the imposition of some level of
restriction to the production of these drugs. And also, the mass media should
mount heavy campaign against drug abuse and wining should not be much
emphasized in secondary school.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
Introduction
Origin of drugs use and abuse
Drugs commonly abused
Prevention of drug abuse
Research questions
Purpose of the study
Significance of the study
Delimitation of the study
Definition of terms
Chapter two
Literature review
Drugs abuse in sport
Reasons for drugs abuse
Incidence of student’s dependence enhancing
drugs in sport effect of drugs abuse and risk to students
Reduces to the problem of drug abuse
Chapter three
Research methodology
Research design
The study population
Sampling procedure
The research instrument
The administration of questionnaire
Analysis of data
Chapter four
Analysis and interpretation of data
Discussion of findings
Chapter five
Summary, recommendation and conclusion
Summary
Recommendation
Conclusion
Suggestion for further studies
Bibliography
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
In recent times, the incidence of drug
abuse is on the increase and experts in the area of drugs and health have
indicated that if the trend of drug abuse is not controlled, the problems might
aggregate into serious health problem. One sad aspect of this is that teenagers
and children of school age are worst involved with this problem.
To say the least, the
phenomenon of drug abuse is what individuals; government and society are
generally interested in.
A drug is any
substance that modifies body functions when taken into the organism.
A drug is a substance
used for medical purposes, either alone or in mixture substance that changes
the state of function of cells, organs or organism. Drugs are mood modifies
which change the mood of individual per time. Drug abuse can be defined
variously depending on the standpoint of the individual.
It could be seen as
constant and indiscriminate use of both prescribed and legal and illegal drugs
or the use of drugs without diagnosis and prescription, to an extent that it
hinders ones health. Our health-oriented definition of drugs abuse is the self
administration of a quantity or a pattern that impairs an individuals health or
social or economic functioning.
Drug use and abuse or
misuse is phenomenon, which has bothered, is bothering and will continue to
bother mankind even in generation to come. Governments, religious organization,
social groups, world bodies and concerned individuals in the world over are
alarmed and indiscriminate and went on use and abuse of drugs and the
implication to the individual health status. Drugs abuse world wind is said to
have become a major social problems, which affect individuals at every
socio-economic level as well as individuals in age group from the adolescent to
the elderly.
For instance,
Caliendo (1996) reports; an estimated 9.3-10.3 million U.S adults or 7% of the
U.S. adult population are alcoholics or problems drinkers among teens and youth
age 14-17 years old, this represents 19% of American youths.
The rate of alcoholic
consumption is alarming.
Caliendo (1976) look
at that; it has been estimated based on data obtained from USDH. Food balance
sheet, that the average annual consumption of obsolete alcohol from beer, wine
and spirit among the drinking age America public 2.6 gallons per individual.
The caloric value of this quantity of alcohol is approximately 210 calories
daily per son. The rate of alcohol consumption varies among individuals.
Many people do not
consume any alcohol whereas many consume alcohol far in excess of the average.
It is estimated, however that on the average, adult females in the United
States derives to 10% of their RDA calories from alcohol whereas males obtain
7.5%.
This trend is similar
globally.
ORIGIN
OF DRUG USE AND ABUSE
The African society
is a drug using one. We take in drugs daily as we eat food in form of herds,
stems, roots, crops and cereal beverages. Ideally, we use drugs either in these
aforementioned forms, or in refined forms for both preventive and curative
purpose.
For certain ailments
and diseases. In traditional African society which dates back even before
recorded history, drugs are used daily for difference cultural and religious
purpose of birth, death, marriage, and divorce rites.
Others are
initiations into difference groups, appeasement of the gods. In concluding
agreements for buying and selling of lands and landed property, apprenticeship
agreements for teaching and learning of crafts and so on. Therefore, the use of
drugs, in different forms and for different purpose permeates every facet of
our traditional society and culture. Most of these drugs in their unrefined
forms grow widely in our environment and hence there easy availability to the
users. One can therefore say without fear of contradiction that the history of
drugs abuse and misuse is as old as society itself or man.
The arrival of the
‘white men’ on the shores of African continent added yet more damaging drugs to
the ones we already had and to that extent made the environment for drugs use
and abuse friendly by easy availability and preference.
EFFECTS
OF DRUGS USE AND ABUSE
According to Agwubike
(1998) drugs are known to be chemical agents that affect living cells they are
used in modern medicine, in the treatment of illness and disease.
Drug abuse has severe
health implication. The incidence and severity of problems associated with the
non-medical use of the drugs is incalculable. Alcoholism for instance is one of
the most common types of under-nutrition in the adult. Excessive alcohol
consumption is the primary factors related to the development of cirrhosis of
the lever which according to Caliendo (1966), the ninth leading killer disease
of the United States population.
Villabi et al (1991)
report; Spain ranks second to France in international comparison of alcohol
consumption, 52% of adults drinks daily, and mortality due to liver cirrhosis
ranks as the sixth causes of death both in terms of death rates and potential
years of life lost.
In addition to the
liver problem and the nutritional, Caliendo (1976) has this to say, “Alcohol
related deaths may reach as many as 205, 000 annually in the U.S. It has also
been known to cause several health problem like congestion heart failure, high
blood pressure, lose of appetite, inflammation of the stomach/pancreas,
intestines which leads to nutrient matabsorption.
Another severe
consequence of alcoholism worthy of mention is the effect it has on the
offspring of a pregnant drinker. It is said in Britain alone that more than 44%
of children born to alcoholic mothers had 10 below 80, as well as significantly
higher rates of hearty and joint abnormalities.
Economically, it cost
the government billions of petro-dollar if quantified in terms of man-hour lost
as a result of drug associated problems. This affects our out-put by reducing
productivity.
According to Caliendo
(1976), … alcohol abuse in the United State cost almost $43 billion in 1975.
According to Agwubike
(1998), a drug has damaging consequences to the body organ and systems e.g.
some drugs damage the liver, kidney or adversely affect the central nervous
system. In certain instances death may result. It also state ion his book that
users of drugs spend a lot money in producing drugs to themselves.
DRUGS
COMMONLY ABUSED
According to Agwubike
91998) drugs commonly abused by secondary school students are;
1.
Amphetamines
2.
Anabolic steroids
3.
Marijuana
4.
Cocaine
5.
Heroine
6.
Caffeine and others like alcoholic content etc. which have excitatory or
inhibitory effect which are thought to enhance performance in sport by delaying
the onset of fatigue or hasten recovery rate.
PREVENTION
CONTROL OF DRUG ABUSE
In view of the
adverse effect of drug abuse on the private and public health of the society,
there is need to prevent and control the abuse of drugs. In order to achieve
this, there should be both concerted and simultaneous efforts by government,
religious and other concerned organizations.
There has to be drug
education and re-education.
This education should
be directed at the drugs using population especially adolescents in both
secondary and tertiary institutions. The objectives should be to made available
to them useful information on short term effect of drug use and abuse
especially dependence producing drugs. This is necessary because most of the
drug users do so because of ignorance of the area of using the mass media,
school and other educational means for it to spread drug education. There
should also be drug adult education to educate parents who will in turn
continue to teach their wards at home the need to avoid drug abuse or the
correct use of drugs.
World Health
Organization (WHO) through its appropriate agencies should step up action both
in term of education and in releasing funds for rehabilitation and various
activities that will discourage drug use and misuse.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
i.
What are the factors responsible for drug abuse?
ii.
What category of secondary school students abuse drug more?
iii.
What are the types of drugs abused?
iv.
What
are the effect of drug abuse?
PURPOSE OF STUDY
This research was
carried out with a view;
a.
To identifying the types of drugs that are commonly abuse by secondary school
students
b.
To point out conditions under which secondary school students take drugs
c.
To highlight the reasons why secondary schools students indulge in the abuse of
drugs
d.
To educate secondary school students activities towards drugs involvement
e.
To suggest and recommend ways by which the problems of drugs abuses can be
controlled among secondary school students
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
Indiscipline among secondary school students in most cases has been blamed on
drug involvement.
The climate during competition game situation will undoubtedly be improved when
secondary students are intimated with the implications of drug involvement.
It will enable the
school authorities and sport organization to plan programme to suit secondary
school students from various background.
It will reduce
indiscipline among secondary school students and abuse of drugs.
Deviancy as well as
delinquencies amongst minimum in school and society at large.
It will create a way
to guide them to a meaningful life or drug free live.
This study will serve
as a base for more research work on drug abuse among secondary school students.
DEFINITION
OF TERM
Drug: Any substance that when taken
into the living organism, may modify one or more of its functions.
Drug dependence: A state, psychic and
some time also physical, resulting from the interaction between a living
organism and a drug characterized by behavioral and other responses that always
include a compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basic in
order to experience its psychic effects and sometimes to avoid this discomfort
of its absence.
DEPENDENCE
PRODUCING DRUGS
A drug having the capacity to interact with a living organism to produce a
state of
psychic or physical dependence or both.
NON-MEDICAL
USE OF DRUGS
The uses of dependence producing drugs other than when medically indicated.
Drug abuse: Is the constant and
indiscriminately use of both prescribed and non-prescribed legal drugs or to
the extent that it hinders.
Legal drugs: These are drugs
statutorily allowed for use by law of the land.
Illegal drugs: Are drugs approved by a
quantified physician for use by the patient.
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