THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAMME ON THE LIVES OF THE PEOPLE: A CASE STUDY OF IGBARA-ODO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE
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THE
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROGRAMME ON THE LIVES OF THE PEOPLE: A
CASE STUDY OF IGBARA-ODO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF EKITI STATE
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to investigate influence of the environmental
programme on the people of Igbara Local government area of Ekiti State of
Nigeria. The local governments have recently adopted a dynamic approach to the
issue of the environmental health problems through self help and self
initiative. It is hoped that such as self initiative would go along way in
minimizing cost, of health care delivery and make health practice real to the
people, it is also assumed that such a programme would obviously have some
significant influence on the physical psychological and sociological and
economic growth and development of the community in which of operates. To
investigate those assertion three hundred (300) people and fifteen (15)
different areas in Ekiti State of the local sanitation taskforce in different
area were used for the study. At best (20) respondents were randomly selected
each of the sub-area for the data collection. The instruments used for the
collection of data were questionnaires oral interview, documentary evidence and
participant observation. The result of the study shows that a dynamic new
programme has contributed sanitation indeed exists in Ekiti State. And it was
found that the programme has contributed significantly towards the physical,
psychological, sociological and economic development of the community. Based on
the findings of the study it was recommended among other things that
1.
Every
community should emulate the urban experiment were by the environmental health
care delivery is the responsibility of all the sundry.
2.
Children
of ender age should be involved in keeping their surrounding clear, in order to
“catch them young” towards “health for all people”.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Chapter one
Introduction
Statement of problem
Purpose of the study
Hypothesis/basic assumption
Significance of the study
Limitations
Delimitation
Definition of terms
Chapter Two
Review of related literature
Concepts of environmental sanitation
Scope of the environmental sanitation
Major causes of poor environmental sanitation
condition
Effects of the environmental hazard
Different approaches to the control of the
insanitary environmental sanitation in Nigeria
Chapter
three
Methodology
Research population
Sampling techniques
Research instruments
Administration of instruments
Data analysis techniques
Chapter Four
Data analysis
Findings and discussions
Chapter Five
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Questionnaires
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
It is believed that God created man in his own image to be in control of the
environment and make the best out of it as recorded in the bible (Gen 1:26-31).
But man in his search for daily bread, quest for knowledge and materials
wealth, has turned round to pollute the beautiful environment. From the earliest
times man has been striving to control the environment. But as said earlier,
man owns the health and life. That is why he found himself from the dragon
headed problems he has caused himself in recent times. Environmental sanitation
has become a topical subject at international, national state and local
spheres. This is aim at initiating action to arrest the fast deteriorating
environmental health status worldwide. In Nigeria, today the congestion of
people in urban areas which is mainly as a result of rural urban migration the
concentration of industrial establishment and share increase in population have
made the control of the environment imperative and equally challenging.
To improve the general environmental sanitation of the major town in Nigeria
has always constituted a big problem to both individual and government with the
result that the town/cities are being strangulated by things generated by the
inhabitant. The result of this condition is environmental pollution in all its
ramification. The problems of pollution have also found its way into the
political area and every community in every state has been confronted
difficulties of his environment. To the man concern regarding pollution is the
adverse effect exerted on the health of the people. The problems of poor
sanitation and unhygienic behaviour among the majority of Nigerians are so
serious that the federal military government had to come into check the
situation towards achieving “health for all by the year 2010” as declared by
the world health organization (WHO). Several strategies were mapped out and
adopted by the federal government (the military regime in 1984 to achieve this
objective. Consequently, the environmental sanitation programmes were mounted
throughout the federation. This was followed by the establishment of the “task
force on environmental sanitation” at both state and local levels to
co0ordinate this elaborate programme.
The Ekiti state chapter was launched on 20th March 1984 by the then
state military governor SANYA. This led to the appointment of captain JOSHUA
AYODELE as the state chairman of the taskforce on environmental sanitation-the
position he actively held till the task force was decentralized in October,
1988 this sanitation movement was backed up legally by edicts for Ekiti state
it was captioned edict No 18 of 1984, which took effect from Monday April 2nd
1984. At the local government level too, environmental sanitation committees
were appointed with members down from various walks of life. Serious sanitation
were imposed on individuals public and private establishment or corporate
bodies who fell short of the expected governments guidelines on environmental
sanitation or health habits and practices. For instance, dirty filthy private premises
dumping of refuse in unauthorized places. Urinating or defecating in public
places were punishable by the fine ranging from N 100-1000, or
punishment as the case may be.
Food hygiene, street trading, unauthorized parking of vehicles were also areas
of concern which were also embedded in WAI “War Against Indiscipline” meant to
inculcate in people correct healthful living habits, attitude and practices.
Later, incentives were put and the programme became competitive in nature among
the various state and local government areas of the federal republic of
Nigeria. This effort was also aimed at identifying the nation with the cause of
the world health organization which then declared June 1984 as the “World
environmental Sanitation Day”- with War Against filthy environment as the
theme. Because of the military nature of the implementation of the new
environmental sanitation programme people responded accordingly, but not
without close supervision. Consciously or unconsciously, most of our town and
cities were given some face-lift for sometime. Health implication of their poor
health habits and practices the motives of the environmental sanitation
programme are often misunderstood to their “statuquo” when they are no longer
closely supervised.
Infact, the problem of poor environmental sanitation and unhygienic behaviour
among the majority of Nigerians have persisted despite the various sanctions or
stringent measured taken by governments and other health agencies to enforce a
change of attitude among the people. It is important to note too that all the
while emphasis has been concern about the mass rural population or communities
that contribute significantly to the urban populace, it then stands to reason
to assert that the individuals home orientation would also be unconsciously
exhibited in a new environment. Hence the neglect of the sanitation crusade at
the grassroots level has made the sanitation efforts in most of our town and
cities abortive.
STATEMENT
OF THE PROBLEMS
The main concern of the study, therefore is to identify investigate and find
out answer to the following sub problems.
1.
The
psychological impact of the programme on the life of people of Igbara Odo LGA
of Ekiti State.
2.
The
sociological influence on the people of Igbara Odo LGA by the environmental
sanitation programme.
3.
The
influence of the programme on the economic development of the community.
4.
The
influence of the Igbara Odo experiment on the physical development of the said
community.
PURPOSE
OF THE STUDY
The purpose of the study is to investigate the “MODUS OPERAND” of the Igbara
Odo experiment with a view of identifying our alternative strategy for the
lasting solution to our persisting environmental health problems towards
achieving health for all by 2010 AD.
SIGNIFICANCE
OF THE STUDY
The “Igbara Odo experiment” is a unique venture in the recent time and in the
history of environmental sanitation in the urban level. The result of the
findings of the study would therefore be useful to not only the government but
also to individuals, the public and the community. To the government, it could
help in reviewing their former strategies with a view of achieving health for
all at a low or no significant cost. The findings and recommendation may
stimulate health challenges in other rural/urban community towards inculcating
and maintaining health habits and practices thereby advancing lasting solution
to the fast global environmental decay.
To the community, the study could be a source of motivation that could
immortalize the initiative of the people and so this health practice part of
the people so this health practice part of the people culture. The result
of the investigation could also initiate further research in the health area,
in the effort to establishing a more dynamic health culture for the world at
large.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
1.
Does
environmental sanitation programme through mass community have significant
influence on the economic growth and development of the community?
2.
Does
environmental sanitation through mass community action have significant
influence on the physical development of the community?
3.
Does
environment sanitation through mass community activity/development of local raw
materials?
4.
Does
environmental sanitation through mass community action have significant
influence on the psychological development of the people?
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
In the course of this study certain operational technical terms were
unavoidably used in the write-up to express some views. Those terms have
however, been defined herefore the quick understanding.
1.
Catch
them young- The act of involving children of tender age in the sanitation
activities-aimed at training them to group with good/correct health habits,
attitude and practices.
2.
Environmental
sanitation-the control of all those factors in mans environmental which
exercises or may exert a delicious effect on his physical development, health
and survival.
3.
Influence-
The impact made by something through invisible or intangible means.
4.
The
mass-community Action-A joint cooperative and coordination venture involving
all members of the community.
5.
Mass-Mobilization-involvement
of all able-bodies citizens in carrying out a programme.
6.
Modus-operand-The
manner by which an activity operated.
7.
Pollution-
Contamination or unfavourable change in physical, chemical or biological
conditions in the environment, which exert may exert harmful effects on the
quality of human life. Including effects on other animals, plants, industries
as well as cultural and aesthetic assets.
8.
Population-
A group of individuals of the same species inhabiting in a specific area.
9.
Status
Quo- The original state of affairs/habits.
10.
Task
force- A temporary merging of units or individuals under once command with the
purpose of accomplishing a specific mission or finding a solution to a
particular problems.
11.
World
Health Organization (WHO) this is the greatest world health organization. It
was formed in 1942. After the Second World War. It is an arm of the United
Nation organization (UNO) and has its all-independent nations are
members.
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