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THE PROBLEMS AND
PROSPECT OF VALUE ADDED TAX (VAT)
ABSTRACT
Tax is the one of the channel through
which government obtain revenue from corporate complete bodies, individuals and
public establishment. Value Added Tax
on the other hand, is a tax that paid by the final consumer on any viable
products whether locally produced or imported. It is in the light of the
above that the researcher want to carryout out research on the problems and
prospect of value added tax in Enugu state. The project will be segmented
into five chapters. The first chapter will discuss the background of the
study significance of the study, objectives of the study, limitations of the
study, definition of terms among others. Furthermore, the second chapter
centres on the literature review. The researcher will review other similar
topic by seasoned authors again. Again should visit the officials of federal
ward revenue in Enugu state in other to obtain information from them. Again
chapter three of the work will discuss the source of data , population of the
study sample size, validity and reliability of the research instrument
etc. Chapter four of the project will centre on the data presentation of
analysis and summary of results. And finally chapter five will discuss the
summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background of the Study
1.2
Statement
of the Problems
1.2
Purpose
of the study
1.3
Research
Questions
1.4
Significance
of the study
1.5
Scope
and limitations
1.6
Limitation
Of The Study
1.7
Definition
of terms
CHAPTER
TWO:
LITERATURE
REVIEW
2.1 Definition of value
added tax (vat)
Contribution of VAT
Offences and Penalties
Method of collection and allocation
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1
Methods
of Research
3.2
Source
of data secondary/Primary
3.3
Population
and Sample Size Determination
3.4
Sample
Size Determination
3.5
Description
of Respondents
3.6
Treatment
of data
CHAPTER
FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION
AND ANALYSIS Presentation, Analysis of
Data
CHAPTER
FIVE:
SUMMARY OF
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Findings
5.2 Conclusions
Recommendations
Appendices
Bibliography
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
Value Added Tax (VAT) is a system of tax recently
introduced in Nigeria, which is based on imposition, and charging 5 percent tax
on certain goods and services imported or produced locally in Nigeria.
The idea of introducing Value Added Tax in Nigeria came from the report of the
study groups set up by the Federal Government in 1991 to review the entire Tax
System.
Value Added Tax was proposed and a
committee was set up to carry out feasibility studies on its implementation.
In January 1993 government agreed to introduce Value Added Tax by the middle of
the year and it was later shifted to 1st September, 1993.
Value Added Tax is a replacement of the existing sale’s Tax, which has been in
operation under Federal Government Legislated Degree N0. 7 of 1986.
In some advanced countries of the
world, this system of taxation had been in operation and its enormous benefits
being harvested. These countries are United States of America Britain,
China and a host of others. Nigeria on her own wants to take the bull by
the horn by introducing value added tax like other benefiting countries earlier
mentioned above despite all pitches that may appear to impede the good
intentions of government to introduce and implement the system.
The value added tax system has been
introduced and made to get its location offices in all the 36 states of the
Federation and Abuja. To ensure that the system works most effectively
and efficiently so that the main purpose or goal for which the system was
introduced is achieved, the then federal military government made a decree that
backs its smooth take off. The value Added Tax System has taken off in
earnest and its application on various sectors of our economy in Nigeria and
some states.
Especially Enugu, seems to be producing
good and bad effects on the economy generally.
The good effect of value added tax
include the reduction of the tax evasion, provision of incentives to exporters,
reduction of government excessive dependence on the oil sector as well as
enhancing the provision of social infrastructure.
It produces bad effect on the general
economy on the ground that in some sectors of our economy like manufacturing,
its application especially on industrial machines, raw materials and other
manufacturing inputs would cripple the growth of the real and exports sectors.
Despite this and high hopes in official
circles that the newly introduced Value Added Tax would rest government’s over
dependence on the oil revenue for its programmes, its implementation appears to
hit the brick walls. This is because there is fear that the tax policy
may actually escalate the rate of socio-economic disequilibrum in the economy.
Enugu State, which is the scope of this
project, was created on 27th August 1919 with particular reference
to Enugu North Local Government Council, which was also created in 1991.
1.2
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Value Added Tax and its introduction
into the economy is a giant revenue generating mechanism, which will go a long
way to boast revenue generation in the economy. It is based on this
premise that there becomes the need to examine critically the mechanism or how
far the imposition system of value Added Tax in various sectors of the economy
has failed. The study will therefore address the following issues.
1.
How the money is being collected
2.
How t he money is disbursed
3.
What the money is used for after disbursement
1.3
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The following are the purpose of the
study of Value Added Tax:
1.
To discover the techniques used in collecting the revenue.
2.
To determine the type of products and services which are vatable non-vatable.
3.
To understudy the distribution and usage of the money collected from Value
Added Tax.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
The following research questions were
used for the purpose of this project. They include:
1.
How is Value Added Tax collected and at what percentage.
2.
How is the money collected disbursed and at where is it disbursed;
3.
When does each money collected by Value Added Tax officials be disbursed?
4.
At what percentage is the money collected be disbursed to states and local
government councils.
5.
Who is in charge of collecting both state and local government councils share;
6.
How is the money collected after sharing by each state and local government
council used.
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study would be useful in modifying
the economy of Enugu State as it stands the chance of adding more revenue to
the already existing revenue of the state. The study also stands as an
eye opener to the citizens of Enugu State in highlighting them the amount that
comes into the state purse through Value Added Tax.
1.6
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
The scope of this project is Enugu
State with particular reference to Enugu North Local Government Council.
1.7
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.
Value Added Tax (VAT):- This is tax on
spending. The tax is born by final consumer of the goods and services
because it is included in the price paid.
2.
Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS):-
This provides a free information and advisory services to help you.
Federal Inland Revenue Services also collect the money on value added tax and
pays same to the Central Bank of Nigeria within the state it operates.
The Central Bank of Nigeria within the state pays same to Central Bank of
Nigeria, Abuja.
3.
Registered Person (RP):- This is any person registered under
section 8 of the Decree.
4.
Authorized Office (AO):- This means an officer who has
been authorized by the board to perform any function under or in pursuance of
this Decree.
5.
Board:- This means the Federal Board of Inland Revenue.
6.
Tax Period (TP):- This means one calendar month commencing from the
beginning of the month to the end of that month.
7.
Product
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