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THE REFURBISHMENT OF
TEMPERATURE CONTROL APPARATUS
ABSTRACT
A temperature control apparatus an
“Armfield model was refurbished. The methodology employed were to detect
the pulty parts of the equipment especially in the sump where leakages were
observed. In the repair, the water in the sump was drained off, corrosion
and rusting in the tank were scraped off, the sump was washed and allowed to
dry. A homogenous mixture of crown filler and hardener mixed in the ratio
of 5.1 was used to coat the inner surface of the tank.
Antirust protection was applied all
over the inner surface of the tank in order to avoid further corrosion and
rusting. Metallic parts of the apparatus including the sump were
painted with carlux 842 paint so as to avoid the development of pricklings,
pittings, roughness or cracks which promote corrosion when in contact with air,
water or chemical attack. Pipes, air-hoses, dips, nuts and values of the
temperature control apparatus were also serviced.
After refurbishment, the equipment functioned
effectively when operated and it is recommended that it be used for further
practical in the pilot plant laboratory.
TABLE
OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1 Aims and
objectives of the
refurbishment
1.2
Scope
CHAPTER
TWO
2.0
Literature
review
2.1 Equipment
description
2.2
Mechanism
of
operation
2.3
Properties
of temperature control apparatus
2.3.1
Control
systems
2.3.1
Fluid and
fluid velocity flow
2.3.3 Heat and heat exchangers
2.3.4 Compressors and its requirements
CHAPTER
THREE
3.0
Refurbishment
process
3.1
Refurbishment procedure
CHAPTER
FOUR
4.0 Discussion
4.1
Probable
sources of error.
4.2
Quantitative
estimate of
accuracy
CHAPTER
FIVE
5.0
Conclusion
5.1
Recommendation
References
CHAPTER
ONE
1.0 Introduction
Armfield temperature control appara [tus is a pilot
plant scale apparatus for the study of heat transfer, process control fluid
mechanism and thermodynamics by chemical Engineering students in various
institutions of higher learning.
The apparatus consists of two heaters, with voltage
between 220-240 and 6kw of power. The heaters has thermostatic range from
380C-82C0, heat transfer area (A) of the heat exchanger
is 0.64m2 (0.059fts2) ALFA-LAVAL. Four thermo walls, each
fitted at the inlet and outlet points on the heat exchanger for insertion of
thermometers for temperature measurement. It has a sump tank of capacity
of 70 litres, three flow meters (Rotameters), two of variable area type, a pump
of power 0.23kw and capacity of 55litres/min at 1.5m and 9 litres/min at 6m. a
control valve (air regulator) of ½ inch, PID (Honey well) controller, two pen
chart recorder, temperature sensor, electronic controller etc. as the
name applies it is used to control or measure temperature.
In industries in order to avoid wastes during
production of goods, even in pilot plant where production of good are in small
scale, there is need for control system which gives more stable (Uniform)
process and higher quality products. Certain variables like temperature
applied to fluid or rather dictated from body, fluid flow rate, pressure etc
which causes loss of valuable materials during production. Some of the
above mentioned variable can be corrected using temperature control apparatus.
Heat exchange is one of the most frequent
operations mainly in process industries. A large number of processes
proceed at a much faster rate as the temperature is raised and it is
economically advantageous to use as high a temperature as possible.
Chemical reaction rates are approximately doubled for every 100 rise
in temperature.
Chemical reactions are frequently exothermic,
however, and it may well be necessary to remove heat through a heat exchanger
rather than supply it inorder to avoid a catastrophic temperature rise.
Thus, to balance the requirements of maximum efficiency and complete control
over the process may require the very close regulation of the temperature.
The pilot plant temperature control apparatus is
designed to show the working of a heat exchanger and to permit a series of
experiments to be performed with it. Water is both the process fluid and
the heating fluid, the rate of flow may be set up to show how flow control may
be obtained in various ways.
1.1
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE REFURBISHMENT
Refurbishment is to keep the apparatus in top
operating condition through repairs, maintenance and servicing of parts
of the apparatus. Through the refurbishment it increase the workability
of the apparatus (equipment) the degree of accuracy and precision as well the
sensitivity of the equipment. It improves the performance of the
equipment, maximize efficiency and bring error to minimum.
Through the maintenance or refurbishment of the
equipment, quantity/quality control, cost effectiveness, strength of material
and prolonged apparatus/plant life span can be obtained.
1.2
SCOPE
This involves detecting the faulty components of
the temperature control apparatus and the repairing which includes general
servicing, flushing of the sump tank. To reduce fouling, scraping off the
corroded parts, filling of the leaking parts with filler and painting of the
sump tank. Ensuring that there would be no leakage either by values or
pipes when running the apparatus and the efficiency of the circulating pump.
At the end, it is expected that he pilot plant
temperature control apparatus will be in top operating condition.
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