THE ROLE OF AN ACCOUNTANT IN THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (A CASE STUDY OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
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THE ROLE OF AN
ACCOUNTANT IN THE POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMME OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
(A CASE STUDY
OF ENUGU SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA)
ABSTRACT
This
project work was on the role of the accountant in poverty alleviation programme
of the federal government with particular note on Enugu South Local Government
Area. The objectives of the study among others were to determine the role of
the Accountant in the poverty alleviation programme of Enugu South Local
Government Area. To determine whether the role of the accountant is of
relevance in the planning of programmes and policies of the poverty alleviation
programmes in Enugu South Local Government Area. In view of this, an indepth
literature review was carried of related materials, journals, and text books,
besides, data were elicited through the use of questionnaire and oral interview
conducted. These data were analysed and presented using statistical technique
such as tables and percentages. The data was used to text the there hypothesis
formulated. Base on the data analysed these findings were made: it was
discovered that the poverty alleviation programme was geared towards, providing
food, security, reducing unemployment and increasing the standard of living of
the citizens. Inspite of the rigorous effort by the three tiers of government
and the huge sum that has been spent so far, the impact is that to be felt even
in Enugu South local government area. It was discovered that the local
government authorities particularly the poverty alleviation committee have made
contentions efforts towards mobilization of savings by intermediating between
those that have the needed resources (donors) and those that need than
(grassroots). In the light of these findings, recommendation were also made
which include: Enlightenment campaign programme aimed at informing and
educating the citizens and individuals domiciled within Enugu on the relevance
benefit and right attitude towards poverty alleviation programme. Periodic
account audit should be carried out semi annually in other to determine the
amount and the effect of funds disbursed courtesy of the poverty alleviation
programme. There should be proper integration and role definition with
particular emphasis on the place of the accountant in other to guarantee
maximum result which will invariably lead to a noticeable impact of the
programme at the grass root level. The researcher strongly believe that if the
measures are taken, it will help create positive impact of poverty alleviation
programme at the grass root level.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
ONE:
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Background of the study
1.2
Statement of the problem:
1.3
Objective of the study
1.4
Research questions
1.5
Statement of hypotheses
1.6
Scope of the study
1.7
Significance of the study:
1.8
Limitation of the study
1.9
Definition of the terms
Reference
CHAPTER
TWO:
2.0
Review of related literature:
2.1
Theoretical review
2.1.1
Nature and scope of accounting
2.1.2
Qualification of an accountant
2.1.3:
Functional role of an accountant
2.1.4
Benefits
2.2
Empirical review
References
CHAPTER
THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:
3.1
Research design
3.2 Area
of study
3.3
Population of study
3.4
Sources of data
3.5
Sampling method
3.6
Research instrumentation
3.7
Validity and reliability of research instruments
3.8
Methods of investigation
CHAPTER
FOUR:
4.0
Introduction
4.1
Data Presentation, analysis and interpretation
4.2
Test of hypothesis
CHAPTER
FIVE:
5.0
Introduction
5.1
Summary of Findings
5.2
Recommendations
5.3
Conclusion
Bibliography or References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE
STUDY
Every
government in the execution of its fiscal responsibilities provides the
individual within its area of jurisdiction with same basic necessities of life,
such as rural and urban electrification, construction of good road network and
bridge, provision of pipe-borne water, maintenance of schools establishment of
hospitals, payments of salaries of civil servants. Etc.
The responsibility of every government
is quite enormous, and Enugu State could not be an exception.
One would right ask, how then does the
government generates resource to fund all these activities. It can only do so
by trying as much as possibly to exhaust and exploit all the revenue available
to since government is non-profit oriented body, it needs to generate revenue
from taxes and other revenue sources, hence, one can obviously see why
taxes are very important to government, to enable it meet up with its
challenges.
Definition
of Taxation: Taxation can be defined as compulsory levy by government
imposes on, its citizen for provision of public goods and services. Most
government in Nigeria opened on this tax for revenue generation. The revenue
generated is used for economic, social, political and cultural development.
Taxes are major source of government
revenue form funding its activities. Tax revenue is used in increasing the rate
if economic growth hence the per capital income, leading to higher standard of
living. Tax is not only source of government revenue. Other sources include
fees, licenses, earning and sales rent on government quarter of federal
government revenue, loans and grants. Amongst all these sources, taxes should
or are contributing larger proportion of the total internally generates
revenue. This implies that the level of the government expenditure should be a
great extent on the ability of the tax system to place the required at the
disposal of the government.
Having noted that it is through tax the
government is able to execute her project as well as run its affairs. However,
it will also be note again that tax polices can affect development. A good tax
policy like “approved users scheme” which allows for exemption from important
duty or grants a concessionary low rate of import duty or material brought into
Nigerians for use in the manufacturing or processing of good or in the
provision of services, provides that certain conditions are fulfilled and also
the pioneer status” which allows some pioneer industries to employ a tax
holding of three to five years, all these are all used by the Nigeria government
to encourage company formation.
In most recent times, consideration and
attention have been focused on the fiscal policy best suited to the economic
development of the country.
As part of this search for most or
nearly must desirable fiscal policies, consideration is being placed on the
role of tax polices. Not too long now, that the federal government had
introduced the value Added tax (VAT). And since then, this is enormous ways,
has on creased of the tax revenue available to the State.
In Nigeria, the major sources of tax
revenue include personal income tax, company tax, petroleum profit tax, import
duties etc.
However, this research study is limited
to the taxes under the administration of the state government and in case,
Enugu state government. It will evaluate the performance of Enugu State board
of internal revenue as fares tax administration is concerned because it
is when have good tax administration that enough tax revenue is generated.
Other revenue source available to the state will be looked into, while company
the revenue generated from tax with other revenue sources which are not from
taxation moreover, suggestion will be made on the ways of improving tax
administration in the state.
1.2 Objective of the
Study
The researcher have
the following aims for the work
1.
To pick out and analyze the various taxes that are charged in Enugu state from
1992 to 1994.
2.
To ascertain the total value of taxes collected during the period, year by
year.
3.
To exhaust other revenue sources available to the state government through
which more tax revenue would be generated.
4.
To determine other sources of revenue available to the state apart from tax and
how to improve.
5.
To make suggestion on ways of revenue improvement accruing to the state from
both taxes and non tax sources.
6.
Tax examine and evaluate the tax collection machinery of the state and its
effectiveness and ways of making improvement
7.
To ascertain the category of person taxable in the state, and the extent of
their compliance.
1.3 State of problem
In the use of taxes as a major source
of revenue for funding economic activities, the most difficult problem is in
the area of tax administration. The problem arises due to lack of correct
understanding of the objective of taxation, mal-administration of taxes, and
employment of unqualified staffs and personnel and tax evasion and avoidance
especial among affluent minority.
There is defect in the planning,
control and information flow in the tax system. When the tax administration
system is poor, revenue generated the problem encounter by the state government
should be tackled, so that efficient machinery will be set in motion for the
effective administration taxes in state.
1.4 Statement of
Hypotheses
1.
There is a significant relationship between tax revenue and total revenue
generated of the state.
2.
There is no significant relationship between tax revenue and total revenue
generated of the state.
3.
The tax administration system of Enugu of state is very efficient and there is
no mismanagement of tax revenue by tax officials.
4.
The tax administration system of Enugu State is not very efficient and there is
mis-management of tax revenue by tax official.
5.
There is no probability of tax payer’s collaborating with collectors to evade
tax.
6.
There is the possibility of tax payers collaborating with tax collector to
evade tax.
1.5 Significant of
the Study
The aim of the study is to evaluate the
tax revenue generation in Enugu State of Nigeria and assess the tax collection
machinery set in motion by state. It is also expected to evaluate tax and other
revenue source available to the state to know much the government is exploiting
this source. Also, the work will examine how far the governments implements tax
policies, whether the tax administration machinery is efficient and if not, how
improve it. The study will find out much of the revenue generated by the state
government comes from taxed and ways of improving it to increase the state
government tax revenue generation.
There is also the need to compare the
tax revenue generated from that of the other states with that of Enugu State.
This will help to evaluate the performance of Enugu State more and better tax
revenue generation of the strategies will suggested to improve tax revenue
generation of the state so that more funds will be available for provision of
infrastructural facilities to the people when there is economic growth. The
standard of living of the entire citizens of the state would be greatly
improved.
1.7 DEFINITION OF
TERMS
Tax:
Tax is a charge by government units against the income or wealth of person,
natural or corporation, for the common benefit of all.
Taxable Income:
Taxable income is income subject to tax by any government authority.
Taxable Profit:
Taxable profit is the amount of profit as computed under the provision of
particular tax law or revenue act upon which an income tax is levied.
Taxable Roll: Revenue
(government accounting) is the gross receipts and receivables of a government
unit derived from taxes, custom and other sources, but excluding appropriation
and allocation.
Accountability: Accountability
(government acing) is the obligation of evidencing goof management, control or other
performance imposed by law, agreement or regulation as a corporate executive
trustees on public official and other persons controlling the financial policy
of an organization or state.
An Executor:
An executor is the person appointed in accordance with the provisions of the
relevant law to administer the estate of deceased individual.
Fund:
In government and institutional accounting funds is a sum of money often other
assets constituting a separate accounting entity
created and maintained for particular
purpose and having transaction subject to legal or administration restrictions.
Its double entry
accounts are self balancing, and from
then a balance sheet and operating statement may be prepared. A separate budget
is prepared for each fund.
1.8 Research
Methodology:
Research is simply the process of
arriving at dependable solution to problem through a planned systematic
collection and analysis, and interpretation of data, this research study is
purely analytical. According, the research work made use of two sources of
data, namely, primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained by
oral interviews held with some of the members of the Enugu State Board of
internal revenue as well as the members of the state ministry of finance.
Question were
designed for the interview
In addition, informed interview were
conducted too. Some authorities in the revenue generation section in the State
were involved. In addition, some lectures who handle such course relating for
revenue generation were interviewed.
Question used were based on the vital
role of Board of internal Revenue generation in the state. The question was
framed for the staffed of the Board. Secondary data was also employed in the
study, such secondary data include textbooks, and seminar papers professional
journals and news papers.
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