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THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA
IN THE CRUSADE AGAINST GLOBAL TERRORISM – A CASE STUDY OF NTA AND AIT LAGOS
ABSTRACT
In this study, the researcher examined
the role of the media in the crusade against global terrorism. Towards
achieving this end, 79 staff of two media houses in Nigeria, namely NTA and AIT
Lagos were used as the study sample. These 89 members of the study sample
were given 89 copies of structured questionnaires to complete. The
analysis of their responses led to the following findings.
i.
The Nigeria media had been playing notable role in the crusade or war against
global terrorism. Some of these roles include the publication/reporting
of informative and up-to-date news on the dangers of terrorism; the making of
compassionate appeals to terrorists to desist from such devilish acts and the
exposing of the hideouts of some notorious terrorists.
ii.
The Nigerian media had, through their activities, made positive impact as
regards reducing the incidence of global terrorism.
iii.
Through their anti-terrorism crusade, the Nigerian media has discouraged
terrorists from using the country as their hideouts.
On the basis of the above
findings, the researcher recommended that, in order to enhance the
anti-terrorism campaign of the Nigerian media, the government should subsidize
the cost of printing/publishing materials (such as ink, paper, and lithographic
machines, the printing press etc). the researcher also recommended that
the government should improve the nation’s broadcasting infrastructure such as
the transmitters and the satellite. In addition, media practitioners in
the country are enjoined (urged) to intensify their efforts to ensure that they
report up-to-date news on terrorism.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER
ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
of the study
1.2 Statement
of the problem
1.3 Objectives
of the study
1.4 Research
Questions
1.5
Significance of the study
1.6 Scope and
Delimitation of the study
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature
Review
2.1.1
Hatred
2.1.2
Oppression
2.1.3
Frustration
2.1.4
Injustice
2.2 Various
forms of terrorism
2.2.1 Bombing
2.2.2 Cyber terrorism
2.2.3
Sabotage
2.2.4
Eco-terrorism
2.2.5 Terrorism by chemicals and
germs
2.3 The weapons
of terrorism
2.4 The cost of
terrorism
2.5
Reflections on the global concern
for nuclear
terrorism
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Research
design and methodology
3.1 Research
design
3.2 Sources of
data
3.3
Sample size determination and
sampling method
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Data
presentation and analysis
4.1 Data
presentation
4.2 Data
analysis
4.2.1 Analysis of questionnaire
data
CHAPTER FIVE:
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Summary and
conclusions
5.2
Conclusions
5.3
Recommendations
5.4 Limitation
of the study
References
Appendix A (The Questionnaire)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
In the late 1980’s, terrorism appeared
to be on the decline. However, a new breed of terrorists has emerged,
particularly from the Middle East countries, (Arata, 2001:52). It is
important to note that the present – day terrorist threat comes primarily from
extremists who have established their own funding networks through traffic in
drugs, private-business, independent wealth, charities and local financial
support. Also these terrorists had continued to be as ruthless as ever
(Eze, 200:67).
Nsidi (2002:61) reported that recent
years saw a proliferation of senseless act of terrorism.
Some of these acts of terrorism, as
reported in the Nigerian media include the following:-
1.
The bombing of Israel: Embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina in
March 12, 1992.
2.
The release of the deadly serin gas onto the Tokyo (Japan) subway trains on
March 20, 1995.
3.
The bombing of a federal building at Oklahona – City (U.S.A) in April 1995.
4.
The bombing of a bank in Colombo (Srilanka) in January 31, 1996 by ethnic
terrorists.
5.
The detonation of a bomb in a parking garage by Irish terrorists in London
(English) on February 9, 1996.
6.
The blowing up of a bus in Jerusalem (Israel) by a suicide bomber on February
25, 1996.
7.
The explosion of a bomb outside a U.S. military housing facility in Dhahran,
Saudi Arabia in June 25,1995.
8.
The bombing of the World Trade Centre (WTC) Building in New York (U.S.A.)
on September 11, 2001.
9.
The various Christian – Moslem riots of (1997, 1999, 2000 and 2002) in Nigeria,
among others.
In general, terrorists seem to exhibit
less restraint than they did in the past. There is also new choices of
weapons at the disposal of the terrorists. According to Udoji (2001:66):
“…. We live in an age
of unimaginable – rage and apocalyptic arsenals – nuclear, chemical and
biological”.
Extremists who want to make a greater
impression are turning to the more lethal weapons that technology has made
available. According to Williams (2001:43) these extremists are usually
recruited from the following countries.
1.
Iraqi
2.
Palestine
3.
Afghanistan
4.
North Korea
5.
Syria
6.
Saudi Arabia
7.
Libya
8.
Iran
9.
Russia
10.
Indonesia
The attack on the World Trade Centre (
in New York city, USA) and on the Pentagon ( in Washington d.C.) in September
11, 2001 dramatically showed that there exists nothless and hate driven people
bent on the mass destruction of human life. Further, the attacks proved
that the United States and by extension, every other nation are vulnerable to
such attacks. This implies that we live in a world where determined
terrorists can in an instant, snuff out the lives of thousands of people
(Okeke, 2001:49).
In the Nigeria context, terrorism manifests
in the form of religions wars, Civil unrest’s and ethnic wars. During
such wars, the manner of senseless killings, the setting of such incidents, the
style of the reprisals that often follow such incidents, the provocative
sectional reports in the media and the withdrawal attitudes of certain major
groups in the group, often bear close resemblance’s to the events that
precluded the country’s 1967 – 1970 Civil War (Igwe, 2002:41). The
fallout’s (refugees in their own lands, bereaved families, hapless victims,
shattered business) often provide old wounds and revoke memories of the fate
that has been the consequence of such violent uprisings. In all cases
after the dust had settled, with an anti-riot security men quelling the riots
with Lunatic brutality that often escalate the death tolls, the victims are
usually left their sorrows. Such dark events, which often occur in
Nigeria, have created more destitute and socially disclosed victims than the
Nigeria leadership has imagined (Ndu, 2001:59).
In the Nigeria case, usually after the
fire-brigade approach of arresting the situation that ends with the
inauguration of judicial panels and ad-hoc committees (whose white papers are a
subject of controversy). The government reaction, at best is usually the
pronouncement of policy statements that hardly ever translate into meaningful
action.
The victims have often had to carry
their burden and their cross in perpetual life of agony. The so-called
rehabilitation and reconstruction measures often get droned in the murky waters
of Nigeria sectional and tribal politics (Adindu, 2002:46).
The point to note here is that
terrorism, in whatever form, is a threat to the survival of mankind. This
fact is the basis of the crusade means, had been an important tool for this
crusade. Hence the focus of this researcher is to evaluate the role of
the media in this regard.
1.2
STATEMENT OF THE PROEBLEM
Terrorism had been a matter of global
concern since the second half of 25th century. Apart from some
deadly diseases, terrorism is regarded as the greatest threat to human
existence. Hence, all the nations of the world are presently involved in
an untiming crusade to eliminate terrorism in the whole world.
The mass media had been one of the
reliable for waging war against terrorism. The question then are these
what actually are he contributions of the Nigeria media in the war against
terrorism? What impact had the activities of the media had as regards to
reducing the incidence of terrorist activities in Nigeria? These
questions, presented the problems that necessitated this research.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study are as
follows:
1.
To identify the roles of the Nigerian media in the war against terrorism.
2.
To ascertain the impact of the Nigerian media as regards reducing the incidence
of terrorism in the country.
3.
To ascertain the effects of the media in influencing the attitude of the masses
towards terrorism.
4.
To suggest the strategies for making the Nigerian media move effective in
waging the war against terrorism.
1.4
RESEARCH QUESTION
This study is guided by the following
research questions:
1.
What are the roles of the Nigeria media in the war against terrorism?
2.
What are the impact of the Nigerian media as regards reducing the incidence of
terrorism in the country?
3.
What affects has the media in influencing the attitude of the masses towards
terrorism?
4.
What are the strategies for making the Nigerian media more effective in the
crusade against terrorism?
1.5
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings and recommendations to be
made in this research, if implemented, will go along way towards fortifying the
Nigerian media, particularly as it concerns the crusade against
terrorism. This will help in checking or preventing the outbreak of
terrorist activities within the nation. The Nigerian citizens will
equally benefit from this research. This is because the implementation of
this research’s findings and recommendations will ensure that the lives and
properties of the followings Nigerian citizens are adequately protected.
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